Transcript POST WWII PPT - Cabarrus County Schools

I. Post-WWII outcomes?
1) United Nations- formed near end of WWII as a body of
nations to prevent future global wars.
What organization had been formed at the
end of WWII to prevent global war?
I. Post-WWII outcomes?
2) Japan:
-Occupied by American forces
-Adopts democratic form of government (MacArthur Constitution)
-Resumed self-gov’t
-Ally of U.S.
Look on the bottom of your grandparent’s figurines
to see if they were made in “occupied Japan.”
I. Post-WWII outcomes?
3) Europe:
-Lay in ruins
-Soviet controlled East Europe
-Germany divided into
East (Communist) and
West (Democratic)
Divided Berlin
II. Cold War: Defined
Cold War- 45 year competition about values.
(end of WWII-collapse of Soviet Union in 1991 — 8 presidents)
COLD WAR
U.S.
and West
-Democracy
-Individual Freedom
-Market economy
OR
Soviet Union
and East
-Totalitarianism
-Socialism: state centered
-Communist
II. Cold War: Defined
THE STAKES ARE HIGH
(BOTH U.S. and Soviet Union hold capability to destroy each other)
1949 Soviet Union
successfully explodes an atomic
bomb
1952 1st Hydrogen Bomb tested
*Much more powerful than the
Atomic Bombs dropped on
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
*Precision Missile Launch
II. Cold War: Defined
NATO- North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Defensive alliance between U.S. and Western Europe
(1st time U.S. entered into peacetime military alliance)
II. Cold War: Defined
Warsaw Pact, 1950- Defensive alliance between
Soviet Union and Eastern European Countries.
III. Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy
***CONTAINMENT- do not let Communism spread, resist it!
(Truman Doctrine- help “free peoples” resist Communism)
Marshall Plan- massive financial aid to rebuild Europe.
George
Marshall
Harry
Truman
(19451953)
www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/georgecmarshall.html
III. Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy
Berlin Airlift (1948-49)Soviets block access to
west Berlin. Truman orders
supplies airlifted.
*2.3 million tons of supplies
III. Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy
(1949)- Mao Zedong leads Communist takeover
in China (rival to Soviet Union)
REACTION:
Increased fears of
communist domination
U.S. spent $3 million
in support of Nationalist,
Chiang Kai-shek, only
to have failed!
III. Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy
NSC-68: U.S. National Security Report, 1950
*emphasizes Soviet aggression
*calls for massive U.S. military buildup
(Virginia economy benefits more than any other—
Hampton Roads and Northern Virginia)
“The U.S.S.R.’s desire for World Domination requires
not only to this Republic but civilization itself take a stand”
How is NSC-68 different from the Marshall Plan?
How is NSC-68 the same as the Marshall Plan?
III. Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy
Korean War (1950-1953):
(June, 1950)
Communist North Korea
invades across the
38th parallel, attacking
democratic South Korea
Apply Cold War policy:
What should be the main
objective in the Korean War?
III. Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy
U.N. troops (made up of
90% Americans)
defend South Korea
Led by
Douglas MacArthur
III. Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy
300,000
Communist Chinese
troops come into war
on side of North Korea
Results of
Korean War:
Stalemate at 38th parallel
54,000 Americans die
Billions of Dollars spent
THINK:
Was the objective of the
Korean War achieved?
Should more have been done?
V. COLD WAR: HOMEFRONT
**A. Fear of Nuclear War. Americans
were urged to build bomb shelters in
their own basements.
Federal Civil Defense Administration (1950)
-Educate people how to survive Atomic blast
-Mobilize people in event of Atomic warfare
What was the purpose of the “Bert the Turtle” campaign?
School children practice “duck and cover” drills
http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=294181
B. Fear of Communist- “Red Scare”
Senator Joseph McCarthy- (1950s) recklessly accused many
government officials and citizens of being communist.
(McCarthyism- making false accusations based on rumor
or guilt by association.)
Conviction of Alger Hiss and Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
for spying for the Soviet Union and the construction of nuclear weapons
by Soviets using secrets obtained through spying increased fears.
QUIZ TODAY
ON
COLD WAR!
Cold War 1945-1950’s QUIZ
1. What were 3 post-WWII outcomes?
2. What was the Cold War? (why cold?)
3. How long did the Cold War last?
4. What was the Truman Doctrine? (foreign policy)
5. Why were the stakes so high in the Cold War?
6. What was NATO?
7. What was the Warsaw Pact?
8. What happen in 1949 to increase fears during the Cold War?
9. What influence did the Cold War have on the Virginia economy?
10. What started the Korean War?
11. What country sent 300,000 troops to help the North Koreans?
12. What was the result of the Korean War?
13. What approach did Eisenhower use to “contain” communism?
(Dulles)
14. How did the Soviet launch of Sputnik impact the U.S.?
15. What was the U-2 incident?
ANSWER KEY
1. a. United Nations- formed near end of WWII as a body of
nations to prevent future global wars. b. Japan adopts democratic form
of government -Resumed self-gov’t-Ally of U.S. c. Europe lay in ruins,
Soviet controlled East Europe, Germany divided into East (Communist)
and West (Democratic)
2. 45 year competition about values, never battled but both superpowers
had the large atomic/nuclear warfare capacity.
3. 45
4. help “free peoples” resist Communism
5. BOTH U.S. and Soviet Union hold capability to destroy each other
6. North Atlantic Treaty Organization- Defensive alliance between
U.S. and Western Europe
7. Defensive alliance between Soviet Union and Eastern European
Countries
8. Mao Zedong leads Communist takeover in China or USSR/Soviet
explodes an atomic bomb
ANSWER KEY CONTINUED
9. massive U.S. military buildup
10. Communist North Korea invades across the 38th parallel,
attacking democratic South Korea
11. China
12. Stalemate. No Victory
13. To emphasize the United States’ commitment to the “New Look”,
Eisenhower and his Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles, introduced the
doctrine of “massive retaliation.” Under this doctrine, the Eisenhower
administration implied that it would use nuclear force to protect U.S.
security and interests anywhere in the world. Through this approach, the
United States sought to discourage the Soviet Union from staging an
offensive attack on U.S. interests for fear of a massive retaliatory strike.
14. US as a nation becomes Competitive…SPACE RACE
15. during the presidency of Dwight Eisenhower and during the
leadership of Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev, when a United States U-2
spy plane was shot down over the airspace of the Soviet Union