Transcript Cold War

Mr. Judd
Streetsboro High School
YALTA (Feb 1945)
Present: Churchill,
Roosevelt and Stalin
Germany divided
into 4 zones
of occupation
Prosecution of
War Criminals
Create a
United Nations
organization
Free Elections
In Europe
POTSDAM (Germany)
Date: July 1945
Present: Churchill,
Truman and Stalin
U.S. And Soviets
disagree about
German reparations.
Soviets discuss joining
war against Japan.
The U.S. is not sure
that’s a good idea.
Why?
Truman learns about
the atomic bomb.
Does not tell Stalin.
U.S. and Soviet soldiers meet at the Elbe River
near the end of World War II. Why did these allies
become bitter enemies for the next 45 years?
Introduction
Cold War: The
state of hostility,
without direct
military conflict,
that developed
between the U.S.
and the Soviet
Union after WWII
and lasted until
1990.
I. Origins of the Cold War
The origins
of the Cold War
lay in profound
economic,
political, and
philosophical
differences
between the
two nations.
II. The Early Cold War Years
The conflicting
aims in Germany
and Eastern
Europe led to
tension between
the United States
and the Soviet
Union after
World War II.
The Iron Curtain Descends
• Stalin installed communist
governments in Albania,
Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia,
Hungary, Romania, and
Poland.
• These countries became
known as satellite nations,
countries dominated by
the Soviet Union.
• The phrase “iron curtain”
came to stand for the
division of Europe.
United States establishes a
policy of “containment”.
• Taking measures to
prevent any extension
of communist rule to
other countries.
• This policy will serve
the United States
throughout the Cold
War.
Truman Doctrine 1947
• What: Gives military
help to free countries
that communists are
trying to take over.
• Why: The “Domino
Theory”: If one country
falls to communism, the
neighboring countries
will fall too.
Marshall Plan 1948
• What: Gives U.S. money to
free countries to rebuild
homes, factories, and farms.
• Why: To make countries
strong enough so they will
not need Communist help.
General George C. Marshall
Superpowers Struggle over
Germany
At the end of
World War II,
Germany was
divided into
four zones
occupied by
the U.S.,
G.B., France,
and the
U.S.S.R.
Berlin Airlift 1948
*After plans to
reunify Germany
ended in failure,
the Soviet Union
blockaded all land
routes into West
Berlin.
*The U.S. and G.B.
responded with an
airlift. For 327 days,
planes delivered
2.3 tons of supplies
to West Berlin.
The NATO Alliance 1949
The U.S.,
Canada,
Iceland,
and nine
European
Nations form
a defensive
military alliance
called the
North Atlantic
Treaty Organization.
The Chinese Revolution 1949
After WWII, civil war erupted
between Chinese Communists
and Chinese Nationalists.
U.S. aid was not enough to save
the Nationalists as they were
forced to retreat to the island
of Taiwan in 1949. After more
than 20 years of struggle, the
Communists now ruled all of
mainland China.
Chiang Kai-shek
Nationalist
Mao Zedong
Communist
The Korean War 1950
Only five years after
WWII ended, the U.S.
became embroiled in
a war in Korea. The
policy of containment
had led the U.S. into
battle to halt communist
expansion. In this conflict, however, the
enemy was not the
Soviet Union, but North
Korea and China.
III.The Cold War and American Society
During the late
1940’s and early
1950’s, fear of
communism led
to reckless
charges against
innocent citizens.
The House UnAmerican Activities
Committee (HUAC)
investigated alleged
communist activities
in Hollywood.
Spies Among Us
Ethel and Julius
Rosenberg were
executed in June
1953 for allegedly
giving the Soviet
Union atomic bomb
secrets. They became
the first U.S. civilians
executed for espionage.
Mc Carthy Launches His
“Witch Hunt”
In the early 1950’s,
Senator Joseph McCarthy
of Wisconsin began
accusing members of the
state department of being
communists. Since that
time, “McCarthyism” has
referred to the unfair tactic
of accusing people of disloyalty without providing
evidence.
Bomb Shelters
The threat of nuclear
attack led Americans
to build bomb
shelters and practice
air-raid drills. Fear of
nuclear war became
a constant in American
life for the next 30 years.
Duck and Cover
1951 Civil Defense Duck and Cover Film
IV. Eisenhower’s Cold War Policies
President Eisenhower believed that maintaining a large army
was too expensive. Instead, he favored a massive arms buildup.
Nuclear weapons, he said, gave “more bang for the buck.”
His willingness to use nuclear weapons to maintain world peace
was called “massive retaliation.” Critics called this “brinkmanship”the willingness to go to the brink of war to force the other side to
back down- and argued that it was too dangerous.
Sputnik launches a Space Race 1957
On October 4, 1957,
The Soviets launched
Sputnik, the world’s
first artificial satellite.
Sputnik traveled
around the earth at
18,000 miles per hour,
circling the globe
every 96 minutes.
U-2 Is Shot Down 1960
In 1960, the Soviets
shot down an
American U-2 spy
plane. The pilot,
Francis Gary Powers,
was forced to parachute
into Soviet-controlled
territory. The Soviets
sentenced Powers to
ten years in prison.