Transcript The Cold War Begins - Hoffman Estates High School

Potsdam
Conference
•Reparations
•Polish Borders
•Atomic Bomb
Describe the
positions of the
three
countries/men
•The United States and allies
were working to creat a
united Germany by 1947
•The Soviets were looking to
keep their influence over
Eastern Germany and Eastern
Berlin, and Eastern Europe.
•Soviets create satellite
regimes in Eastern Europe
•Disagreements over
American aid led to bitter
feelings
•How does Russian defend
their position in Eastern
Europe and were they
justified?
Explain the
positions of the
United States and
Soviet Union in
regard to the
atomic bomb?
•Created by George
Kennan and Dean
Acheson
•The Long Telegram
•Believed that neither
Congress nor Public
opinion should play a
role in Soviet Policy
1947 -- Truman Doctrine
On March 12, President
Truman requests $400
million in aid from
Congress to combat
communism in Greece
and Turkey. The Truman
Doctrine pledges to
provide American
economic and military
assistance to any nation
threatened by
communism
On June 5, U.S.
Secretary of State
George Marshall
proposes a massive
aid program to
rebuild Europe from
the ravages of World
War II. Nearly $13
billion in U.S. aid
was sent to Europe
from 1948 to 1952.
The Soviet Union and
communist Eastern
Europe decline U.S.
aid, citing "dollar
enslavement."
“An armed attack
against one or more
shall be considered an
attack against all”
Describe the evolution
in foreign policy from
1898 to 1949
In comparison to Truman’s other options,
how smart was his decision to fly in supplies
to West Berlin?
•National Security Act
•Defense Department
•Central Intelligence Agency
•National Security Council
•Air Force becomes dominant branch of military
•NSC-68
•Increase military build which included the
hydrogen bomb
•Does the U.S. seem more paranoid than the Soviets
or visa versa?
1949 -- China In June,
Chinese communists
declare victory over
Chiang Kai-shek's
Nationalist forces, which
later flee to Taiwan. On
October 1, Mao Tse-tung
proclaims the People's
Republic of China. Two
months later, Mao
travels to Moscow,
where he negotiates the
Sino-Soviet Treaty of
Friendship, Alliance and
Mutual Assistance
1950 -- Korean War On
June 25, North Korean
communist forces cross
the 38th parallel and
invade South Korea. On
June 27, Truman orders
U.S. forces to assist the
South Koreans while the
U.N. Security Council
condemns the invasion
and establishes a 15nation fighting force.
Chinese troops enter the
conflict by year's end.
1955 -- Massive
Retaliation On January
12, U.S. Secretary of
State John Foster Dulles
first announces the
doctrine of Massive
Retaliation. It threatens
full-scale nuclear attack
on the Soviet Union in
response to communist
aggression anywhere in
the world.
1954 -- Dien Bien Phu After
a long siege, Vietnamese
communists under Ho Chi
Minh defeat French colonial
forces at Dien Bien Phu on
May 7. In July, the Geneva
Accords divide the country
at the 17th parallel, creating a
North and South Vietnam.
The United States assumes
the chief responsibility of
providing anti-communist
aid to South Vietnam.
1955-Eisenhower
threatens to use
nuclear force
against China
after they had
begun bombing
Formosa
•1956-Eisenhower
is able to stop
Soviet aggression
against England
and France for
invading Egypt.
•1958-Ike
intervened in
Lebanon after a
potential civil war
Who was the better cold war president, Truman or Eisenhower?
1954-Guatamala regime
overthrown
1959 -- Castro takes
power On January 1,
leftist forces under Fidel
Castro overthrow the
government of Fulgencio
Batista in Cuba. Castro
soon nationalizes the
sugar industry and signs
trade agreements with
the Soviet Union. The
next year, his
government seizes U.S.
assets on the island.
1957 -- Sputnik On
October 4, the Soviet
Union launches Sputnik,
the first man-made satellite
to orbit the Earth. In 1958,
the U.S. creates the
National Aeronautics and
Space Administration, and
the space race is in full
gear.
1960 -- The U-2 Affair On May 1, an American highaltitude U-2 spy plane is shot down on a mission over
the Soviet Union. After the Soviets announce the
capture of pilot Francis Gary Powers, the United
States recants earlier assertions that the plane was
on a weather research mission.