Transcript Chapter 33, Section 1

Good Morning!
Bell-Ringer – Define the words on the top of page 965.
United Nations
iron curtain
containment
Truman Doctrine
Marshall Plan
Cold War
NATO
Warsaw Pact
brinkmanship
Chapter 33, Section 1
“Cold War:
Superpowers Face Off”
I.
Allies Become Enemies
A. Yalta Conference: A Postwar Plan
1. U.S., Britain, & Soviet Union met in Yalta, Feb. 1945
2. divide Germany into zones of occupation
3. Germany would pay Soviet Union
4. Stalin agreed to join war against Japan
5. Stalin promised free elections in Eastern Europe
B. Creation of the United Nations (UN)
1. international organization intended to protect members
against aggression
2. General Assembly
a. UN member nation could cast votes on issues
3. Security Council
a. 11-member body investigated & settled disputes
b. permanent members – Britain, China, France, U.S.,
& Soviet Union
a. Could veto any Security Council action
C. Differing U.S. and Soviet Goals
1. WWII affected U.S. & Soviet Union differently
a. U.S. – 400,000 deaths from war; cities & factories
intact
b. Soviet Union – 13,600,000 deaths from war; many
cities demolished
Joseph Stalin
Super Power Aims in Europe
•
•
•
•
United States
Encourage democracy in
other countries to help
prevent the rise of communist
gov’ts
Gain access to raw materials
and markets to fuel booming
industries
Rebuild European gov’ts to
promote stability and create
new markets for U.S. goods
Reunite Germany to stabilize
it and increase the security of
Europe
•
•
•
•
Soviet Union
Encourage communism in
other countries as part of a
worldwide workers’
revolution
Rebuild its war-ravaged
economy using Eastern
Europe’s industrial equipment
and raw materials
Control eastern Europe to
protect Soviet borders &
balance the U.S. influence in
Western Europe
Keep Germany divided to
prevent its waging war again
II.Eastern Europe’s Iron Curtain
A. Soviets Build a Buffer
1. Stalin installed Communist gov’t
2. Potsdam, Germany, July 1945
a. Truman, Churchill, & Stalin met
b. Stalin didn’t allow free elections in E. Europe
B. An Iron Curtain Divides East and West
1. Germany divided
a. East Germany – Communist
b. West Germany – democratic
2. “iron curtain”
b. Churchill’s phrase to represent Europe’s division into
democratic W. Europe & Communist E. Europe
III.
United States Tries to Contain Soviets
A. Containment
1. Truman’s policy to stop expansion of communism
2. forming alliances & helping weak countries resist
Soviets
B. The Truman Doctrine
1. foreign aid for Turkey and Greece; $400 million
C. The Marshall Plan
1. provide food and goods to help rebuild Western
Europe $12.5 billion
President Harry Truman
D. The Berlin Airlift
1. 1948 – Allies removed troops from Germany
2. Soviet Union held West Berlin hostage & cut off traffic
3. U.S. & British officials flew food and supplies into West
Berlin
4. 1949 – Soviets ended blockade
IV. The Cold War Divides the World
A. Cold War
1. struggle over political differences carried on by means short
of military action or war
B. Superpowers form Rival Alliances
1. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
a. 1949 – 10 western European nations joined U.S. &
Canada
2. Warsaw Pact
a. 1955 – Soviet Union, East Germany, Czechoslovakia,
Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, & Albania
3. The Threat of Nuclear War
a. 1949 – Soviets exploded atomic weapon
b. 1952 – U.S. tested H-bomb (Soviets in 1953)
c. Brinkmanship
1. willingness to go to the brink, or edge, of war
2. beginning of the arms race – both sides
building up militaries
C. The Cold War in the Skies
1. October 4, 1957 – Soviets Launched Sputnik (1st unmanned
satellite
2. 1958 – U.S. launched its own satellite
3. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) flew U-2 planes over Soviet
Union
a. May 1960 – Soviets shot down plane, & pilot was
captured
U-2 Spy Plane Pilot Gary Powers
Daily Essential Questions
1.What was the purpose in forming the
United Nations?
2. To what does the phrase “iron curtain”
refer?
3. What was the goal of the Marshall Plan?
4. What were the goals of NATO and the
Warsaw Pact?
Super Power Aims in Europe
•
•
•
•
United States
Encourage _____________ in
other countries to help
_________________ the rise of
_________________ gov’ts
Gain __________ to raw
____________ and markets to
fuel booming ___________
__________ European gov’ts to
promote _____________ and
create new ___________ for
U.S. goods
Reunite _____________ to
___________ it and increase
the security of ____________
•
•
•
•
Soviet Union
Encourage ______________ in
other countries as part of a
________________________
revolution
__________ its war-ravaged
economy using Eastern
Europe’s _______________
equipment & raw _________
Control eastern __________ to
protect ______________
borders & balance the _____
influence in _________ Europe
Keep _________ divided to
prevent its ________ war again