Transcript Atomic Diplomacy and Containment

Breda Garrity
And
Morgan Miller
The Baruch Plan was a proposition presented to
the United Nations proposing a plan on how to
control nuclear weapons.
The Baruch Plan was crafted in 1946 by the very
trusted US presidential advisor, Bernard Baruch.
Baruch feared the Soviet Union and what might
happen if nuclear weapons were in their hands.
The plan was denied by the Soviet Union, and
later when the Soviet Union proposed a ban on
nuclear weapons the United States rejected
theirs.
This led to the infamous Cold War nuclear arms
race.
The Baruch Plan requested three main things.
First that the "manufacture of atomic bombs shall stop."
Second that "existing bombs shall be disposed of pursuant to the
terms of the treaty."
And third that "the Authority shall be in possession of full
information as to the know-how for the production of atomic
energy."
If anyone violated these terms in any of the below ways he or she
would be penalized seriously.
"Illegal possession or use of an atomic bomb; Illegal
possession, or separation, of atomic material suitable for
use in an atomic bomb; Seizure of any plant or other
property belonging to or licensed by the Authority; Willful
interference with the activities of the Authority; Creation or
operation of dangerous projects in a manner contrary to, or
in the absence of, a license granted by the international
control body."
"Behind the black portent of the new atomic age lies a hope
which, seized upon with faith, can work our salvation. If we
fail, then we have damned every man to be the slave of Fear.
Let us not deceive ourselves: We must elect World Peace or
World Destruction."
"There is a famine throughout the world today. It starves
men's bodies. But there is a greater famine - the hunger of
men's spirit. That starvation can be cured by the conquest of
fear, and the substitution of hope, from which springs faith faith in each other, faith that we want to work together
toward salvation, and determination that those who threaten
the peace and safety shall be punished."
On March 5, 1946, in Fulton, Missouri, at
Westminster College, Winston Churchill
delivered his speech "Iron Curtain".
This speech announced and symbolized the
beginning of the Cold War.
In his speech Churchill talked about the Soviet
Unions policies and stated that there was now
an "iron curtain" separating Western Europe
from Eastern Europe that was being controlled
by the Soviets.
The speech's purpose was not to condemn the
Soviet Union, but actually to encourage a closer
and more "special" relationship.
He sought to bring the two nations together.
President Harry S. Truman agreed with many
points Churchill made. The United States had
already decided that the Soviet Unions policies
were corrupt, and gladly entered the term "iron
curtain" into their vocabulary.
The United States, however, was wary of the new
relationship between the two countries that
Churchill was so keen on. The United States knew
that they needed the strong ally of Great Britain
for the war, but they also saw that Great Britain
seemed to be deteriorating.
"From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron
curtain has descended across the Continent."
"If there is to be a fraternal association of the kind of I have
described, with all the strength and security which both our
countries can derive from it, let us make sure... that it plays its
part in steadying and stabilizing the foundations of peace.
There is the path of wisdom. Prevention is better than the
cure."
" If we adhere faithfully to the Charter of the United
Nations...seeking no one's land or treasure, seeking to lay no
arbitrary control upon the thoughts of men; if all British moral
and material forces and convictions are joined with your own
in fraternal association, the highroads of the future will be
clear, not only for our time, but for a century to come.
The plan was announced by Secretary of
State George C. Marshall on June 5,
1947.
The Marshall Plan, which is also known as
the European Recovery Program, ensured
Europeans that the future economy will
be stable.
This benefitted the United States by
making Europe's economy closer to ours,
making them more hospitable investors
for America.
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The plan was in operation for four years
beginning in April 1948.
The goals of the United States were to:
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rebuild war-devastated regions
remove trade barriers
modernize industry
make Europe prosperous again
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On March 12, 1947, in a speech before a joint
session of Congress, President Harry S. Truman
asked Congress to grant economic and military
aid to Greece and Turkey to help those countries
resist Communism.
◦ The speech established what became known as the
Truman Doctrine, a policy “to support free peoples who
are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities
or by outside pressures.”
◦ President Harry S. Truman told Congress that "it must be
the policy of the United States to support free people
who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed
minorities or by outside pressures."
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It stated that the U.S would provide
assistance to all democratic nations under
threat from external or internal authoritarian
forces.
“The Truman Doctrine effectively reoriented
U.S. foreign policy away from its usual stance
of withdrawal from regional conflicts not
directly involving the United States, to one of
possible intervention in far away conflicts.”
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At that time, the U.S. believed that the Soviet
Union supported the Greek Communist war
efforts and that they would eventually
influnece Greek policy.
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The KKE was founded by Avraam Benaroya on
November 4th, 1918 as the Socialist Labor
Party of Greece. (SEKE)
◦ Avraam Benaroya was a Sephardic Jewish teacher
and a leader of the Socialist Workers Federation.
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Their immediate goals were the unification of
Greek workers into trade unions, the
implementation of an 8-hour work day in
Greece, and better salaries for workers.
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At the Second Congress of the SEKE in April
of 1930 the party decided to afilliate with
Comintern which was an internationa
Communist organization founded in Moscow.
◦ Then called themselves the Socalist Labor Party of
Greece-Communist (SEKE-K)
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At the Third Congress of the SEKE-K in
November of 1924 they added/adopted the
principles of Marxism-Leninism.
◦ They were then called the Communist Party of
Greece (KKE)
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pD_yaNR7
kHM
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Origin- March 12, 1947. Speech in front of
Congress.
Purpose- President Truman was asking for
the granting of military and economic aid to
Greece and Turkey.
Value- It shows how passionate he was for
this cause. Made valid arguments of why the
United States should help them.
Limitation- He does not specifically talk
about many of the benefits for the United
States in aiding Greece and Turkey.
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After World War II the Allies separated the
defeated Germany into 4 sections: a Sovietoccupied zone, an American-occupied zone, a
British-occupied zone, and a French-occupied
zone.
In June of 1948 the Russians who wanted Berlin
to themselves closed all highways, railways, and
canals from the western-occupied Germany to
the western-occupied Berlin.
◦ The border was primarily between East and West Berlin.
◦ This would make it impossible for people who lived
there to get and food or supplies and would eventually
drive France, Britain and the U.S. out of the country.
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However, the U.S. saved the day.
The U.S. and its allies decided to supply their
sectors of the city from the air.
This effort became known as the Berlin Airlift.
It lasted for more than a year
Carried more than 2.3 million tons of cargo
into West Berlin
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http://www.history.com/topics/coldwar/berlin-airlift
Works Cited
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Science, and Consequences of the Atomic Bomb. 22 Apr. 2014
<http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/Deterrence/
BaruchPlan.shtml>.
"Churchill delivers Iron Curtain speech." History.com. A&E
Television Networks. 21 Apr. 2014
<http://www.history.com/this- day-in-history/churchill-delivers-ironcurtain-speech
"Marshall Plan." History.com. A&E Television Networks. 20 Apr. 2014
<http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/marshallplan>.
"The United States presents the Baruch Plan." History.com. A&E
Television Networks. 22 Apr. 2014
<http://www.history.com/this- day-in-history/the-united-statespresents-the-baruch-plan>.
"Winston Churchill's "Iron Curtain Speech" (1946)." Winston
Churchill's "Iron Curtain Speech" (1946). 22 Apr. 2014 <http://
www.historyguide.org/europe/churchill.html>.
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"The Truman Doctrine." The Truman Doctrine, 1947 - 1945–
1952 - Milestones - Office of the Historian. Milstones Office, n.d.
Web. 22 Apr. 2014. <http://history.state.gov/milestones/19451952/truman-doctrine>.
"March 12, 1947 | Truman Doctrine Announced." The Learning
Network March 12 1947 Truman Doctrine Announced
Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Apr. 2014.
<http://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/12/march-121947-truman-doctrineannounced/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0>.
"Truman, "Special Message...," Speech Text." N.p., n.d. Web. 23
Apr. 2014. <http://voicesofdemocracy.umd.edu/trumanspecial-message-speech-text/>.
"Communist." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 23 Apr. 2014.
Web. 23 Apr. 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist>.
"Berlin Airlift." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web.
22 Apr. 2014. <http://www.history.com/topics/coldwar/berlin-airlift>.