Transcript Cold War in Europe

Cold War in Europe
Bell Ringer
1. Who were the two main countries
fighting in the Cold War?
2. Explain what the Iron Curtain was.
Questions to think about
 How did the United States begin
to send aid to nations fighting
communism?
 What led to the Berlin blockade?
The Cold War
 The conflicting aims of the United
States and the Soviet Union led to the
Cold War.
 This was a state of hostility between
these superpowers, but one without
military action.
 Each tried to spread its political and
economic influence worldwide.
 This would last until the breakup of
the Soviet Union in 1991
Truman Doctrine
 Truman’s first test of
containment of Soviet influence
was when Greece and Turkey
needed economic and military
aid in 1947.
 In the Truman Doctrine, the
president argued that aid
should be sent to any nation
trying to stop Communists
from taking over.
 Congress agreed and $400
million in aid was sent to
Turkey and Greece between
1947 and 1950
Examining Primary Sources
 Read and annotate the excerpt from
the Truman Doctrine of 1947.
 Complete the questions.
 Be prepared to discuss.
Marshall Plan
 Western Europe was also in terrible economic
shape.
 Factories and fields had been destroyed.
 A terrible winter in 1946–1947 increased
hardship.
 Millions of people were living in refugee
camps while European governments tried to
figure out where to resettle them.
 Secretary of State George Marshall wanted to
send aid to nations that cooperated with
American economic goals.
Marshall Plan
 Then Soviet troops took over Czechoslovakia in
1949. Congress saw the need for strong, stable
governments to resist communism.
 It approved the Marshall Plan. The plan was a
great success in rebuilding Western Europe and
halting the spread of communism.
 Between 1947-1952…16 countries received
some $13 billion in aid.
 Western Europe was flourishing and the
Communist party lost its appeal to voters.
Political Cartoon Analysis
 With a new partner complete the first
three political cartoon analysis.
 You will decide:
 Is the source FOR, AGAINST or
UNBIASED about the Marshall Plan
 What point is the cartoonist trying to
make about the Marshall Plan?
 What features of the cartoon creates this
impression.
“It’s the same without
mechanical problems”
Compare Notes
 Pair up with another group and
compare notes and discuss what you
found.
Superpowers Struggle over
Germany
 At the end of WWII, Germany
was divided into four zones.
 U.S., Great Britain, France in
the west
 Soviet Union in the east.
 In 1948 the west wanted to
combine their zones into one
nation.
Superpowers Struggle over
Germany
 Berlin the capital of Germany was divided into
west and east Berlin.
 There was no written agreement with the
Soviets that allowed free access by road or rail
to the Western Powers.
 In June 1948, Stalin closed all highway and rail
route into West Berlin.
 Resulting in no food or fuel to
reach that part of the city.
 2.1 million residents only
had enough food for 5 weeks
Berlin Airlift
 While watching this video take
notes about what the Berlin
Airlift was and its importance.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO)
 The blockade made the West worry about
Soviet aggression.
 The United States and Canada joined with
ten European nations in a defensive
military alliance called the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization (NATO).
 Members agreed that an attack on one was
an attack on all
American Isolationism?
 United States had entered into a
military alliance with other nations
during peacetime.
 The Cold War had ended any hope of
a return to U.S. isolationism.
This cartoon depicts
the nations that
signed the North
Atlantic Pact,
which created NATO
in 1949. The
nations, shown as
hats, are arranged
in a pyramid to
show the bigger
countries on the
bottom supporting
the smaller, weaker
nations on top.
Assessment
 Complete the four questions focusing
on the main ideas of this chapter.