Transcript Chapter 26
Chapter 26 Cold War Conflicts Objective Chapter 26 • To understand the international and domestic tensions resulting from the Cold War Chapter 26 Section 1 Origins of the Cold War Objectives 26-1 1. Explain the breakdown in relations between the U.S. and U.S.S.R. after WWII 2. Summarize the steps taken to contain Soviet influence 3. Describe how the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan deepened Cold War tensions 4. Explain how conflicts over Germany increased fear of Soviet aggression Former Allies Clash U.S. • Capitalism • Democracy • Two Parties U.S.S.R. • Communism • Communism • One Party Former Allies Clash • Stalin former ally of Hitler • U.S. delayed attack on Germans • U.S. atomic bomb secret The United Nations Established 1945 Truman Becomes President April 12, 1945 Truman Becomes President • Former MO Senator • Excluded from top policy decisions during months as VP • Unaware of atomic bomb • Americans questioned his presidential abilities • https://www.youtube.com/watc h?v=m8zA432hiJg The Potsdam Conference • July 1945 • United States, Great Britain, Soviet Union • Harry Truman, Clement Attlee (Churchill), Joseph Stalin The Potsdam Conference Attlee Truman Stalin The Potsdam Conference • Stalin – no free elections in Poland (Yalta promise) • Reparations from own occupation zones in Germany U.S. v. Soviet Aims in Europe USA USSR • Self• Communism determination • Germany weak • Reunite Germany and divided • Control Eastern Europe to • Rebuild European balance U.S. governments to influence in create stability & Western Europe markets for U.S. goods Soviets Tighten Grip on Eastern Europe • Stalin installed communist governments in Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Poland • Satellite nations Iron Curtain • “I’m tired of babying the Soviets” – Pres. Truman, 1946 • Iron Curtain (Winston Churchill) U.S. Policy of Containment • February, 1946 • George F. Kennan • Prevent spread of communism The Cold War in Europe • U.S. – vs – Soviet Union • Not actual fighting • 1945 - 1991 The Truman Doctrine • March, 1947 • $400 million to prevent communist takeovers of Greece & Turkey (1947-1950) • “it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.” The Marshall Plan • Post-war Europe in ruins; lacked food; in debt • Harsh winter 1946-47 • European discontent encouraged growth of Communist Party in western Europe The Marshall Plan • June, 1947 • George Marshall (Sec of State) • European Recovery Program (Marshall Plan) • Aid offered to all European countries in need (E & W) The Marshall Plan • $13 billion (1948-1952) • 16 countries • Helped Western Europe reject communism • USSR & Satellite Nations rejected aid Superpowers Struggle Over Germany Textbook Map page 811 Superpowers Struggle Over Germany • U.S., Britain, France combine occupation zones in 1948 • Berlin (in Soviet zone) divided among the four nations West Berlin (U.S.. British, French) East Berlin (Soviet) Superpowers Struggle Over Germany • Stalin closed all highway & rail routes to West Berlin • 2.1 million residents • 5 week food supply • Berlin Airlift 327 days 277,000 U.S. & British flights • USSR lifted blockade May, 1949 Superpowers Struggle Over Germany • West Germany created out of U.S., French, British zones • Soviet zone becomes East Germany The NATO Alliance • Berlin blockade increased Western European fear of Soviet aggression • NATO – April 4, 1949 defensive military alliance military support if attacked U.S. abandoned isolationism NATO Today