Transcript cw11

The Cold War:
1942-1991
A New World? The GI Bill
Causes
Peace conference at Yalta: occupation
of Eastern Europe by the Soviets—their
belief that it was theirs and their
unwillingness to relinquish it to
democracy.
Potsdam: Division and occupation of
Germany into quarters. (see map)
Division and occupation of Berlin into
quarters. (see map)
Soviet Expansion
In the wake of Stalingrad, Soviets move
west…in the process establish the Iron
Curtain.
Stalin on Eastern Europe…
“A freely elected government in any of these
East European countries would be antiSoviet…and that we cannot allow.”
Clear language…you want them free?
Liberate them. That means war, and in 1945
that was an impossibility-Stalin has the west
where he wants them.
This is a by product of our not opening a
second front to the war in 1943 and allowing
the Soviet Red army to do all this themselves.
German Partition
Three Western
countries will unify
their territories into
West Germany.
East Germany will
be organized into
the “Democratic
Republic” of East
Germany
Alignment
Actions?
1945: Truman cuts off aid.
1947: Military slowdown by US
1945-1989: Nuclear testing and
development on a major upswing.
Stalin’s ideological war using Marxist
language against West.
Truman Doctrine
1947: all free peoples will be aided in
their struggle against Communism.
First actions: military and economic aid
to Greece and Turkey.
1948: Rebuilding Europe-the Marshall
plan-importance?
1948: Stalin refuses aid to all of Eastern
Europe-the result a huge gap between
East and Western Europe.
The Marshall Plan
The huge economic aid package
pledging billions of dollars in aid to
Europe on behalf of the US to build
their infrastructure. That was the
stated goal, the unstated goal? To
prevent communist takeover of Western
Europe.
Russian perspective of Marshall Plan?
Western perspective of Russia
during the Marshall Plan.
Results before and after
Dutch perspective…
Black clouds in the Cold War:
USSR detonates an atomic device in
1949
China is taken over by communists in
1949
China and communism
Chinese CW War
1927-1950
Communists (Mao)
v. Chiang Kai Shek
(KMT)
Characteristics of Chinese
Communism
Suspected nationalists (KMT) killed
Five Year Plan based on heavy industry
along the Soviet Model
Massive land distribution (Wang Mang
style) based on Soviet/Mang model
Farming collective: social services
provided.
Sino-Soviet relationships
Mao and Stalin
developed a
relationship.
Ideologically similar
UN battles
Drift apart
Soviet aid programs
Soviet-Indian relations
Thaw in US-Soviet
relations
Berlin
The Soviets wanted Berlin it was in their
sector and they wanted to control it…so they
attempted to starve it out of US control in
1949 by blocking off all goods and services
from entering hoping to claim it.
The result-a 324 day standoff during which
we airlifted supplies in.
The creation of an anti-Soviet group known
as N.A.T.O
Berlin Airlift
Berlin Wall
Why?
East Berliners began to move to West Berlin in their
droves. In fact before the construction of the Wall,
an estimated 2,000 people a week were moving from
East to West.
‘Not a single Berliner heard the faintest whisper of a
rumour, not a word of warning.’
Just two days before the barrier was erected 1,500
refugees had moved to West Berlin. The East could
not contain its people and it had to stop.
Cold War Battlefields
Space Race
Arms Race
Korea
Cuba
Vietnam
Afghanistan
Sputnik
Sputnik II: Laika
Korean War
Korean War
Reinforce policy of containment
Retract earlier loss of China to
communism
Goal-outcome
Map
Truman-MacArthur
Results
"If we allow the U.S. to occupy all of
Korea… we must be prepared for the
US to declare… war with China", Mao—
cable to Stalin.
if the Chinese tried to get down to
Pyongyang there would be the greatest
slaughter." MacArthur to Truman
Conclusions
The Korean War was the first armed
confrontation of the Cold War, and it
set a model for many later conflicts.
It created the idea of a limited war,
where the two superpowers would fight
without descending to an all out war
that could involve nuclear weapons.
It also expanded the Cold War, which to
that point had mostly been concerned
with Europe.
Death
US: 33,000
S. Korea: 1.1 Million
North Korea: 1.6 Million
China: 110,400
Total cost: 3.5 Billion (1952 figure)
Mutually Assured Destruction
Death of Stalin-rise of Khrushchev
Extension of the Truman Doctrine?
Desalinization
Hungarian Student Revolt
Truman Doctrine?
Prague Spring and Alexander
Dubcek
Hockey, Spring, and Independence
Desire for a “softer communism”
Prague liberalism crushed.
Bay of Pigs…
Cuban Missile Crisis: Detente
Defiance and Dissent
France under DeGualle: non-alignment
India under Nehru: non-alignment
Tito under Yugoslavia
The end of the cold war
Causes and Events
Berlin 1989
New Direction in Soviet
Politics
Chernobyl
Reagan
Gorbachev
Perestroika: economic
openness
Glasnost: political and
cultural openness