Transcript Slide Template for SS Power Points

Hot War Ends-Cold War
Begins
Former Allies Clash
Yalta:
Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Joseph Stalin met in February
1945 at the Yalta Conference to discuss postwar peace.


At the conference they agreed to divide and occupy Germany after the war.

Stalin promised free elections for Eastern Europe.
The former allies were now bitterly divided based on ideological differences.
The Soviet Union wanted to gain territory since they were on the winning side
and the non-communist nations wanted to contain the Soviets from spreading.


Both sides distrusted and feared each other.
Soviets - angry with the U.S. and British for not opening a second front earlier,
and with U.S. for keeping the development of the atomic bomb a secret.
U.S. – angry with Stalin for having signed a treaty with Hitler before WWII
United Nations
April – June 1945, the United Nations (UN) is
established with hopes of promoting world peace.
Instead, the UN became a place where the two
superpowers (the U.S. and Soviet Union)
competed and tried to influence other nations.
Tensions Mount
In July 1945, the big three (Truman=United States, Stalin=Soviet
Union, and Attlee= Great Britain) met at a final wartime conference at
Potsdam near Berlin.

The Soviet Union it was clear did not plan to keep its promise of free
elections. Stalin set up communist governments in the Eastern
European nations occupied by the Soviets.

These nations became satellite nations, countries that depended on
and were dominated by the Soviet Union. Stalin claimed they needed
a buffer of friendly nations around them to protect them from their
former allies, United States, Great Britain, and France.

Former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill said that an iron
curtain had been drawn across Europe. This name came to represent
the ideological differences between Communist and non-Communist
nations.
Cold War


Began after World
War II
Rivalry between
United States and the
Soviet Union
Cold War in Europe
France, Great Britain, and Germany were devastated from the
war. But when the war ended two new super-power nations
emerged – the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republic

Ideologically opposite. The USSR was a communist country
and the U.S. was a democracy. The former allies were now wary
enemies of each other based on social and political ideology.

The rivalry between these two countries began what is called
the Cold War, a state of hostility between two superpowers
without military action. It lasted more than forty years and drove
the economy and foreign policy of both nations.

The Truman Doctrine
The Truman Doctrine 1947 offered military or
economic aid to any European nation threatened by
Communism.

It marked the beginning of containment
(preventing the spread of communism) that became
the dominant foreign policy until the collapse of
Communism.

The Doctrine was used to successfully prevent
Communism from taking over Greece and Turkey.

The Marshall Plan
A. After the surrender of Germany in 1945 European economies
were in shambles. U.S. Secretary of State George C. Marshall
warned that the United States needed to help European countries
rebuild or else Communism would spread.
B. The European Recovery Plan or Marshall Plan was a turning
point in American foreign policy. Eastern European nations under
Communist control were offered aid, but were forbidden by
communist leaders to accept it.
C.Just as the New Deal Policies changed American domestic
policy the Marshall was significant because it marked the
beginning of new foreign policy. The Marshall Plan of giving
economic aid to other countries set a lasting standard in foreign
policy. The United States continues to send aid to countries in
times of natural disasters and civil wars.
Marshall Plan for European
Recovery
Struggle over Germany

By June 1948, the non-Soviet zones of Germany were recovering
In hopes of isolating West Berlin and taking over the entire city, the
USSR blockaded the roads, rivers, and all land access to Berlin.

The British and Americans countered with the Berlin Airlift, an effort
to fly supplies to West Berlin

The Berlin Airlift was successful, and forced the Soviets to ended the
blockade in 1949.

The next Soviet move was to build a wall dividing western-held Berlin
from communist-held Berlin. The Soviets began by building a barbed
wire fence. The barbed wire eventually became a concrete wall
complete with guard watch towers

Berlin Airlift
June 1948-May
1949
The Growth of the Berlin
Wall 1961-1989
Alliances
Just as on the eve of World War I, nations again sought means to make
sure that if they were attacked someone would come to their aid.

The United States, Canada, Iceland and the non-communist European
nations formed a military alliance called the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO).

NATO was a military alliance comprised of countries who agreed to
defend each other if one was attacked by the USSR

The Soviet Union countered with the Warsaw Pact. An alliance with its
satellite nations in 1955.

The United States had come full circle from the period of isolation and
non entangling alliances that George Washington had warned against in
his farewell address to become a world leader in the twentieth century.

NATO
North Atlantic Treaty
Organization