Transcript The Cold War Begins (19.1

19.1 The Cold War Begins

Objectives
1)Assess how the U.S.
Occupied Germany.
2)Reflect on the effects of
the Atom Bomb.
3)Examine the Marshall
Plan and Japanese
Constitution.
4)Explain how the
Cold War Started.
Occupation of Germany
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Germany is fully occupied.
–

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Allies divide it into
zones.
Ban all Nazis from the
German government.
Nuremburg Trials
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Charge Nazis for war
crimes!
–
“Just following Orders”
not valid excuse.
U.S. Occupation of Japan
- (Aug. 14th, 1945)
Japanese Surrender.
- MacArthur Wrote new
Constitution for Japan.
- Emperor stays.
- Military abolished.
- Democratic reforms.
- Massive aid to stop
starvation.
The United Nations
- (Oct. 1945) The United
Nations is founded.
- Set up to replace the
League of Nations.
- General Assembly
- all member states.
- Security Council.
- Big Five WWII
Winners.
The Atom Bomb
- (1945-1949) U.S. Only Nuclear power in the
world.
- Soviet Union wary of U.S. Power.
- Soviets Explode their first A-Bomb in 1949.
Europe and the Marshall Plan
- (1946-1949) Europe is on verge of starvation.
- Communism starts looking attractive in W. Europe.
- (June 5th, 1948) George Marshall proposes
massive aid program to Europe.
Europe and the Marshall Plan
- (1948-1952) U.S. Sends
$13 billion over to Europe.
- Great success, Europe
starts to recover.
- Eastern Europe and Soviet
Union refuse Marshall
Plan.
- Why?
Eastern Europe and the U.S.S.R.
- Eastern Europe occupied by Soviet Union.
- Not allowed democratic elections, become
satellites.
Growing Tensions.
- (June 1948 - May
1949)The Berlin
Blockade
- Western Allies move to
reunify German zones.
- Joseph Stalin panics,
blocks Allies from moving
supplies into Soviet zone.
- Western Allies resolve to
keep supplying Berlin.
The Berlin Blockade
- Western Allies supply Berlin by air!
The Cold War Begins
- Huge embarrassment for the Soviets.
- In response, they start building fortifications along
the West-East border.
- “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron
curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line
lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern
Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest,
Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and
the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet
sphere, and all are subject in one form or another, not only to
Soviet influence but to a very high and, in many cases,
increasing measure of control from Moscow. Athens alone Greece with its immortal glories - is free to decide its future at
an election under British, American and French observation.”
The Cold War Begins
- Western Allies form NATO to oppose Soviets.
- (April 4th, 1949) North Atlantic Treaty Organization
- Permanent military alliance.
- Soviets form Warsaw Pact in response.