Transcript The End of World War II

The End of World War II
Chapter 14
Section 5
Costs of World War II
While the Allies enjoyed their victory, the huge costs
of WWII began to emerge
As many as 50 million people had been killed
The Allies learned of the extent of the horrors of the
Holocaust as the concentration camps were liberated
War crimes trials, such as those at Nuremberg in
Germany, held leaders accountable for their wartime
actions and crimes against humanity
To ensure tolerance and peace, the Western Allies set
up democratic governments in Japan and Germany
with new constitutions
Victims of the Holocaust
Concentration Camp at Dachau, Germany
The Holocaust
Holocaust
Ovens at Concentration Camp
Barracks in Concentration Camp
Nazi War Criminals on Trial at Nuremberg
Defendants at Nuremberg
The defendants at Nuremberg.
Front row, from left to right:
Hermann Göring, Rudolf Hess,
Joachim von Ribbentrop, Wilhelm
Keitel, Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Alfred
Rosenberg, Hans Frank, Wilhelm
Frick, Julius Streicher, Walther
Funk, Hjalmar Schacht. Back row
from left to right: Karl Dönitz,
Erich Raeder, Baldur von Schirach,
Fritz Sauckel, Alfred Jodl, Franz
von Papen, Arthur Seyss-Inquart,
Albert Speer, Konstantin van
Neurath, Hans Fritzsche.
United Nations
In 1945, delegates from 50 nations convened to form
the United Nations, an international organization
established after WWII whose goal is to maintain
peace and cooperation in the international
community
Under the UN charter, each member nation has one
vote in the General Assembly
Security Council of the United Nations
A smaller Security Council has greater power within
the United Nations (UN)
The Security Council has five permanent members:
the United States, Russia, Britain, France, and China
The Security Council has 10 rotating members, for a
total of 15 member countries
Each has the right to veto any council decision
Agencies of the UN have tackled many world
problems, from disease to helping refugees
Flag of the United Nations
United Nations Headquarters
New York City
United Nations General Assembly
Flags of Security Council Nations
United Nations Security Council
Cold War
However, conflicting ideologies soon led to a Cold
War
This refers to a state of tension and hostility between
the United States and the Soviet Union between 1946
and 1990 (democracy vs. communism)
Soviet leader Stalin wanted to spread communism
into Eastern Europe
He also wanted to create a buffer zone of friendly
countries as a defense against Germany
By 1948, pro-Soviet communist governments were in
place throughout Eastern Europe
Truman Doctrine
When Stalin began to threaten Greece and Turkey, the United
States outlined a policy called the Truman Doctrine
This policy meant that the USA would resist (and contain) the
spread of communism throughout the world
President
Harry S.
Truman
Containment of Communism
Marshall Plan
To strengthen democracies in Europe and to rebuild
Europe, the USA offered a massive aid package,
called the Marshall Plan
Marshall Plan money was even offered to the
Soviets who rejected it
Berlin Blockade
Western attempts to rebuild Germany triggered a
crisis over the city of Berlin
The Soviets controlled East Germany, which
surrounded Berlin
To force the Western Allies out of Berlin, the Soviets
blockaded West Berlin, but a yearlong airlift forced
them to end the blockade
Berlin Airlift
Air Routes into Berlin
Division of Berlin (located in East Germany)
NATO and the Warsaw Pact
Tensions between the USA and the USSR continued
to mount
In 1949, the United States and nine other nations
formed a new military alliance called the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
The Soviets responded by forming the Warsaw Pact
(1955), which included the Soviet Union and seven
Eastern European satellite nations controlled by the
USSR
NATO Logo and Member Flags
Warsaw Pact Countries
NATO vs. Warsaw Pact Countries
Current NATO Member Countries
NATO membership
Of the 28 member countries, two are located in North
America (Canada and the United States) and 25 are
European countries while Turkey is in Eurasia. All
members have militias, although Iceland does not
have a typical army. Three of NATO's members are
nuclear weapons states: France, the United Kingdom,
and the United States. NATO has 12 original founding
member nation states and through April 2009 it has
added 16 more member nations.
Powerpoint Questions (17 points)
1. Where did the post-war war-crimes trials take place?
2. How many people (estimated) died during World War
II worldwide? (military and civilians)
3. Define the United Nations. When was it established?
(2 points)
4. How many total members form the UN Security
Council?
5. Who are the five permanent members of the U.N.
Security Council? (5 points)
Powerpoint Questions (17 points)
6. Define Cold War.
7. What type of government did Stalin prefer for Eastern
Europe?
8. What was the Truman Doctrine?
9. What was the name of the plan to help rebuild
Europe?
10. How did the Western allies respond when the
Soviets attempted to blockade entry and exit from
Berlin?
Powerpoint Questions (17 points)
11. What alliance did the USA and 9 other allies form in
1949?
12. What alliance did the Soviets form in 1955?
The End