Transcript Post war, Start of Cold War powerpoint

Post War Life
Europe is in Ruins!!!!
40 million Europeans were killed, many more displaced
(have no home) called refugees.
Bombs and fighting had destroyed many of Europe’s
greatest cities- London, England- Warsaw, Poland- Berlin,
Germany- Leningrad, Stalingrad, Moscow, RussiaCities were without sewer, electricity, running water,
transportation systems
Homes and businesses completely destroyed, no where to
live, or work and get paid, very little food and no money to
pay for it.
Governments have fallen in Germany, Italy, France, and
Poland. Pre-war govt. no longer trusted.
– Communism promises a new way of life and gains popularity
Nuremburg trials
The world puts the Nazis leaders on trial for the
atrocities of the Holocaust. Claiming crimes
against humanity for their vicious acts.
3 killed themselves before being captured
(including Hitler)
22 were put on trial
12 sentenced to death (1 committed suicide
before the hanging) hung and cremated in the
ovens of a concentration camp
Defeat in Japan
2 million killed
most major cities destroyed
lost colonial holdings
demilitarization- disbanding Japanese military, left only small
police force
trial for war crimes- related to treatment of prisoners- 6 put to
death
created new parliamentary democracy
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Emperor lost almost all power and declare himself not godlike
drafted a constitution
increased workers participation in govt
forced large landowners to sell property to workers for reasonable
amount, labor unions no longer illegal
occupation lasted 6 months
Japan accepted continued U.S. military protection and we
became Allies
Japanese economy began to recover
The Cold War
a state of diplomatic hostility between the two
super powers- The U.S. and the U.S.S.R.
Conflict begins even during the war
– U.S. upset that Soviet sign pact with Germany
– Soviets blame U.S. for taking so long to invade
Europe
Feb. 1945 Yalta Conference
Great Britain, U.S. and Soviets (Russia) meet to
discuss post war world- divide Germany into
zones of occupation. Germany is to pay Soviets
for loss of life and property. Eastern Europe is
promised to have free elections. Russia joins
war against Japan.
1945
United Nations is created
50 countries join
international organization protect members from aggression
peace keeping body
Each country sends representatives to meet with the General
Assembly
the real power lies with the 11 member Security Council, originally
included U.S. Great Britain, China, Russia, France
Stalin creates a buffer zone between the western Europe
and Russia by putting in communist govts. friendly to the
(often controlled by) U.S.S.R
– Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Poland,
eastern Germany and Yugoslavia.
U.S.- pres Truman, demand free elections of Eastern
Europe, Soviets refused, Speech- Communism and
Capitalism cant co-exist, war was inevitable.
Iron Curtain represents division between democratic
western Europe and communist eastern Europe.
President Truman adopts the Containment
Policy called the Truman Doctrine– to prevent the
spread of communism, helping weak countries fight
it off
1946
The Marshall Plan- giving food, supplies and
money to struggling countries in Europe so that
they can rebuild.
1947
1948
Western countries leave Germany and let it
re-unify. Soviets object and cut off supply routes to
western Berlin, leaving the city to starve in hopes
they would surrender to the Soviets. Allied planes
brought in all needed supplies to Berlin for 11
months and finally the Soviets gave up and left
western Berlin.
The Cold War splits the world into
to rival camps
1949
NATO is formed- North Atlantic Treaty Organization- 10
western European nations, the U.S. and Canada- to
protect each other against the U.S.S.R.- They then
create their own alliance
Warsaw Pact -with Eastern European countries.
The Nuclear Race Begins- Both countries began to build
nuclear bombs bigger and more destructive and
airplanes to carry them. They each show their power by
test explosions and threaten to use them against each
other.
The Space Race- Each country wanted to prove their
technological superiority and so began sending rockets
and then men into space to explore. They also began to
pour money into education to an effort to prove our
superiority.