Transcript World War II and its Aftermath

The Cold War
The United Nations
Peace & Security
Equal Rights
Self Determination
International
Cooperation
General Assembly
Security Council
5 Permanent Members
Veto Power
Truman becomes President
Potsdam Conference
Stalin reneges on promises of free elections
Reparations to be taken from own zones
Soviet Satellites
The “Iron Curtain”
The Truman Doctrine
 George F. Kennan: Containment Policy
 US will support free peoples against armed
minorities or outside pressure.
The Marshall Plan
 USA to provide aid to Europe
 Against poverty, hunger, & chaos
The Berlin Airlift



Stalin blocks
access to Berlin
Food and
Supplies for only
5 Weeks
Allies fly supplies
in for 327 days
Two Germanies
Two Germanies
Federal Republic
of Germany: BRD
Democratic Republic
of Germany: DDR
Konrad Adenauer
Wilhelm Pieck
The NATO Alliance
China goes Communist
Viewed as failure of Containment
American fear of Communism rises
The Korean War
The Korean War
 North Invades,
June 25, 1950
 Drive deep into South
 US & UN Enter War
 Allies drive North back
 November, 1950
China joins the war
 2 Years of Stalemate
The Korean War: MacArthur vs Truman
 1951: MacArthur calls
for attacking China
 Truman says no
 MacArthur appeals to
press and Republicans
 MacArthur criticizes
President Truman
 April 11, 1951
Truman fires MacArthur
The Korean War: Results
 There are still 2 Koreas
 54,000 American casualties
 $67 Billion Spent
 Unsuccessful war unpopular
 Many Americans vote Republican
instead of Democrat in 1952
 Eisenhower becomes President
Fear of Communism at Home
Loyalty Review Board
 Truman issues
Executive Order 9835
 Board to investigate
“Communists” in
Government
 3.2 Million investigated
 212 Dismissed
 2900 Resign
Fear of Communism at Home
House Un-American Activities Committee
 Investigated possible
Communist activities
inside and outside
government
 Hollywood 10: Blacklisted
Paul Robeson: Peekskill Riots
 The Ku Klux Klan organizes protests
at Robeson's concert in Peekskill
Spies Stun America: Alger Hiss
Whittaker Chambers, Soviet Spy, Accuses Hiss
Spies Stun America: The Rosenbergs
Julius & Ethel Rosenberg accused of helping
Soviets get the atomic bomb
Joseph McCarthy
 Claimed there were Communists in State Dept
 Said he had a list of names, but never showed it
 Many were blacklisted because of suspicion
 McCarthy’s downfall came when he challenged the Army
Race for the Hydrogen Bomb
 Soviets explode atom bomb in 1949
 Both sides race for fusion bomb
 US test on in 1952
 Soviets test on in 1953
Brinkmanship
 Eisenhower and Dulles
 Prevent spread of Communism
 Promise to use all force
including Nuclear Weapons
against aggressors
 Both sides began to expand
their nuclear arsenals
NATO vs The Warsaw Pact
Eisenhower Doctrine
 January 1957, Eisenhower
Issues Warning:
 The United States will
defend the Middle East
against any attack by any
Communist Nation
The Suez War, 1956
 Canal owned by
Britain/France
 Nasser Nationalizes
Canal
 Won't allow ships
trading with Israel
to use Canal
 Israel, France and England use military force to seize canal
 UN steps in to end fighting, but allows Egypt to keep canal
Hungarian Uprising 1956
The Hungarian Uprising, 1956
 Liberal Communists under
Imre Nagy take power and
try to leave Warsaw Pact
 Soviet Union invades
and crushes uprising
 Nagy executed
The Hungarian Uprising, 1956
 United Nations condemns invasion
 Soviet Union vetoes all UN Resolutions
 US Not willing to risk war to drive Russians out
The Space Race: Sputnik, 1957
 Russians launch
Sputnik, 1st Satellite
 Shocks the USA, we
thought we were
far ahead of Soviets
in technology
 Humiliated
 US launches its
1st Satellite
months later
The “U2” Incident
 Soviets had rejected
US “Open Skies”
proposal in 1955
 CIA had been making
secret spy flights
over Russia
 Francis Gary Powers
and his U2 were
shot down April, 1960
 Kruschev cancels
Geneva Summit,
tensions rise