Transcript Cold War Foreign Policy

Period 8: 1945-1980

 List as many pieces of
SFI as you can from
1945-1980.
 What major challenges
will Americans face
during this time
period?
 Thematic Predictions
 America in the World
 Peopling
 Work, Exchange, &
Technology (Economy)
 Belief Systems & Culture
 Identity
 Geography &
Environment
 Politics and Power
Period: 1945-1980
“The American Century”
“Who the hell is Harry Truman?”

 McCullough Reading
Discussion
Key Concept 8.1: The United States responded to an uncertain
and unstable postwar world by asserting and attempting to
defend a position of global leadership, with far-reaching
domestic and international consequences.

 After World War II, the United States sought to stem the
growth of Communist military power and ideological influence,
create a stable global economy, and build an international
security system.
 The United States developed a foreign policy based on
collective security and a multilateral economic framework
that bolstered non-Communist nations.
 The United States sought to “contain” Soviet-dominated
communism through a variety of measures, including military
engagements in Korea and Vietnam.
 The Cold War fluctuated between periods of direct and indirect
military confrontation and periods of mutual coexistence (or
détente).
Truman’s Policies

 Marshall Plan
 George C. Marshall
 United Nations
 NATO
 “The Truman Doctrine”
 George Kennan
 Containment
 HAPP each document
 Summarize the main
points of American
foreign policy under
Truman and chose one
time period to analyze
the continuity and
change over time of
foreign policy
Document Analysis

 H. Context:
 Audience:
 Point of View:
 Purpose:
 SFI connections?
Document Analysis

 H. Context:
 Audience:
 Point of View:
 Purpose:
 SFI connections?
Document Analysis

 H. Context:
 Audience:
 Point of View:
 Purpose:
 SFI connections?
Document Analysis

 H. Context:
 Audience:
 Point of View:
 Purpose:
 SFI connections?
Document Analysis

 H. Context:
 Audience:
 Point of View:
 Purpose:
 SFI connections?
Document Analysis

 H. Context:
 Audience:
 Point of View:
 Purpose:
 SFI connections?
Document Analysis

 H. Context:
 Audience:
 Point of View:
 Purpose:
 SFI connections?
N. Korea Invades S. Korea

 HTS: Causation
 Generate a list of as
many SFI that would
have a causal role in
this hypothetical event
from time period 8.
Chinese Civil War

 Chiang Kai-shek vs.
Mao Zedong
 1949—Chiang Kai-shek
flees to Taiwan—only
Chinese gov’t
recognized by US for 30
years
 US “lost China”
A-bomb to H-bomb

 Soviet tests A-bomb
1949
 40 years of weapons
build up
 Over 100,000 nuclear
weapons
 Convince the other that
they “have the balls to
push the button”
 NSC-68
Korean War

 Japanese occupied Korean
peninsula since 1910.
 Indication of fragile
relationship b/w US and
Soviet Union during WWII
 38th parallel
 1950—N. Korea attacks S
(encouraged by Stalin and
Mao)
 War declared via UN
Security Council…how?
 No Congressional
declaration
 Initially losing to N. Korea
 MacArthur’s strategy turns
tide
 Purpose shifts: S invades N.
(containment?)
 China attacks
 MacArthur asks for 34 Abombs, naval blockade, &
air raids
 Truman vs. MacArthur
(“Mr. Prima Donna”)
 Truce in 1953, 136,000 US
deaths, 1 mil S. Korean, 1.5
mil N. Korean & Chinese
Red Scare/McCarthyism

 1947—loyalty oath
 1949, 11 top leaders of US
Communists Party
convicted— “clear and
present danger”
 Julius & Ethel Rosenberg
= spies for Soviet Union
 HUAC
 Joseph McCarthy (R
Senator from WI)
Red Scare/McCarthyism

 McCarran Internal Security
Act 1950
 “combine, conspire, or agree
with any person to perform
any act which would
substantially contribute
to…the establishment of a
totalitarian dictatorship”
 Truman vetoes—
”government shouldn’t be in
the business of mind
control”
 Congress overrides
Document Analysis

 H. Context:
 Audience:
 Point of View:
 Purpose:
 SFI connections?
Document Analysis

 H. Context:
 Audience:
 Point of View:
 Purpose:
 SFI connections?

 H. Context:
 Audience:
 Point of View:
 Purpose:
 SFI connections?
Implications for US?

 Lippmann, “A Critique
of Containment”
 Long-term
consequences




Document Analysis

H. Context:
Audience:
Point of View:
Purpose:
 SFI connections?
 Commission on Civil
Rights (1947)
 Universal Declaration on
Human Rights (1948)
 Strom Thurmond
 Dixiecrats
 Thomas Dewey