Transcript Origins of the Cold War - Waukee Community School District Blogs

Origins of
the Cold
War
CH18-1
pp.602-608
Former Allies Clash
The enemy
of my enemy
is my friend?
United States wanted to…
• Create a new world order in which all nations
had the right to self-determination.
• Gain access to raw materials and markets for
its industries.
• Rebuild European governments to ensure
stability and to create new markets for
American goods.
• Reunite Germany, believing that Europe
would be more secure if Germany were
The Soviets wanted to …
• Encourage Communism in other countries as
part of the worldwide struggle between
workers and the wealthy.
• Rebuild its war-ravaged economy using
Eastern Europe’s industrial equipment and
raw materials.
• Control Eastern Europe to balance U.S.
influence in Western Europe.
• Keep Germany divided and weak so that it
United States wanted…
A policy of
“containment.”
This meant that the U.S. would take measures
to prevent any extension of communist rule to
other countries.
Soviets wanted…
“satellite nations.”
This meant that the Soviets would have
countries that they would dominate
economically and politically.
Truman Doctrine
On March 12, 1947 Truman asks
Congress for $400 million in economic
and military aid for Greece and Turkey
to prevent the spread of Communism.
“It must be the policy of the United States
to support free peoples who are
resisting attempted subjugation by
armed minorities or by outside
pressures.”
Marshall Plan
• Proposal by George Marshall that the U.S.
provide aid to all European nations that
needed it.
• Over the next four years, 16 countries
received $13 billion in aid.
• By 1952, Western Europe was flourishing
and the Communist Party had lost its
appeal.
A Divided Germany
At the end of WWII,
Germany was
divided into 4 zones
occupied by the
U.S., Great Britain,
France, and the
Soviet Union.
A Divided Berlin
The German capital
was also divided into
4 zones…but Berlin
was in the heart of
the Soviet controlled
East Germany.
Berlin Blockade
Stalin wanted to force western forces out of
Berlin. He thought that a blockade of the
city would do just that!
The 2.1 million residents of West Berlin only
had enough food to last for 5 weeks.
Operation Vittles: The Berlin
Airlift
For 327 days, planes
took off and landed
every few minutes,
round the clock.
In 277,000 flights, pilots
brought in 2.3 million
tons of supplies.
Those supplies included
coal, food, medicine,
and even candy!
NATO Alliance
The Berlin blockade raised
concerns in Western
Europe.
European countries joined
the U.S. and Canada to
form a defensive military
alliance called the North
Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO) on
April 4, 1949.