Transcript The End of WWII

The End of WWII
Chapter 17, Section 5
Main Idea:
• What issues arose in the aftermath
of WWII and how did new
tensions develop?
The War’s Aftermath…
1. Which country suffered the most casualties?
_________________
2. How many casualties were there in that country?
_________________
3. How many military casualties did the U.S. have?
_________________
4. How many civilian casualties did the U.S. have?
1933…
Nuremberg, 1945…
Horrors of the Holocaust:
The Nuremberg Trials
• “Crimes against humanity”
• 200 Austrians and Germans tried (later,
Japan)
• Most found guilty: death or prison
• First time political/military leaders could be
held accountable
Nuremberg video
Why had ordinary people in Germany, Poland, France,
and elsewhere accepted—and even collaborated in–
Hitler’s “Final Solution”?
Our new mission:
• Strengthen democracy to ensure
tolerance and peace.
• Allies helped build new democracies in
Germany and Japan.
Establishing the U.N.
• April 1945: delegates
from 50 nations
convened in San
Francisco
• General Assembly: each
nation has one vote
• Security Council: U.S.,
Russia, Britain, France,
China (each has the
right to veto any
decision)
What powers do they have?
• Economic sanctions
• Send peace-keeping military force
• Prevent outbreak of disease
• Improve education
• Protect refugees
• WHO, FAO, etc.
Alliance Breaks Apart…
• During WWII, USSR and US
cooperated to defeat Nazi Germany
• After the war, conflicting ideologies
and mutual distrust led to Cold War
The Cold War:
A state of tension and hostility
between nations aligned with US
on one side and the USSR on the
other, without armed conflict
between the major rivals
Stalin’s Goals in
Eastern Europe:
• Spread communism
• Create buffer zone of
friendly governments
as protection against
Germany
• By 1948, pro-Soviet
communist gov’ts
were in place
throughout Eastern
Europe
The Truman Doctrine
• Britain could no longer
aid Greece and Turkey
• Truman said U.S. must
step in
• Congress approved
$400 million
• Set precedent for U.S.
involvement in world
affairs (to keep
democracy safe)
The Marshall Plan
• AKA: The ERP
(European Recovery
Plan)
• $13 billion to rebuild
war-torn Europe
• Offered also to USSR
but they turned it down
Germany Stays Divided
The Berlin Airlift
June 27, 1948 – May 12th 1949
NATO v. WARSAW PACT
NATO (North
Atlantic Treaty
Organization)
United States, Canada,
Iceland, Denmark,
Norway, Portugal, Italy,
Britain, France, Belgium,
the Netherlands and
Luxembourg
The next 50 years
or so would be a
standoff between
the world’s two
superpowers: The
United States
(NATO) and the
Soviet Union
(Warsaw Pact)