Transcript Chapter 1 - Stepek AP Human Geography

Political Geography
State Interaction
• Political, military and econ. cooperation State
– The United Nations (est. 1945)
Interaction
• Promote int’l cooperation (peacekeeping, humanitarian efforts,
economic development, environmental protection and human rights)
United Nations Peacekeepers
• Political, military and econ. cooperation State
– The United Nations (est. 1945)
Interaction
• Promote int’l cooperation (peacekeeping, humanitarian efforts,
economic development, environmental protection and human rights)
– Regional military alliances maintain balance of power
• Post–World War II: NATO (US) or the Warsaw Pact (USSR)
Expansion of NATO
• Political, military and econ. cooperation State
– The United Nations (est. 1945)
Interaction
• Promote int’l cooperation (peacekeeping, humanitarian efforts,
economic development, environmental protection and human rights)
– Regional military alliances maintain balance of power
• Post–World War II: NATO (US) or the Warsaw Pact (USSR)
– Other regional organizations
• Org. of American States (est. 1962)
• African Union (est. 1963)
• The Commonwealth of Nations (former British colonies)
• Political, military and econ. cooperation State
– The United Nations (est. 1945)
Interaction
• Promote int’l cooperation (peacekeeping, humanitarian efforts,
economic development, environmental protection and human rights)
– Regional military alliances maintain balance of power
• Post–World War II: NATO (US) or the Warsaw Pact (USSR)
– Other regional organizations
• Org. of American States (est. 1962)
• African Union (est. 1963)
• The Commonwealth of Nations (former British colonies)
• Supranational organizations
• A venture involving 3 or more nation-states involving formal political,
economic, and/or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives.
• Strictest definition requires the sacrifice of some sovereignty
• Who is a better example of a supranational organization the UN or
EU?
– EU!!!! Because they sacrifice sovereignty.
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• Common currency
Policies & Problems
• Free market = 500 million people = $18.5 trillion (world’s largest)
• Sovereign debt crisis = high state debt
• PIIGS (Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece, Spain)
• austerity required? Germans want austerity!
• forced cuts to budgets, social benefits/pensions
• Freedom to live/work/trade anywhere in EU.
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no documentation needed in Schengen area (open borders)
poor East/South → rich West/North
if Turkish entry → Germany
refugee crisis affects border states more (Hungary/Greece/Italy)
• No unified foreign policy
• no combined military (but most are NATO members)
• have different foreign policy priorities
• Anti-globalization/nationalism/self-determination
© Corbis
• Brexit (British vote to leave EU)
• Marine Le Pen in France (wants France to leave EU)
Is the EU a centrifugal or
centripetal force for member
states?
Devolution in Europe
EU effect on the state cohesion
Centripetal
• Rise in nationalism
strengthens individual
states
– Policy disagreements leads
to calls for sovereignty
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Brexit
Turkish entry
Greek bailout
How to treat migrants
– Xenophobia
• Rise of nationalist parties
– France (National Front)
– Hungary
Centrifugal
• EU umbrella allows for
regional autonomy which
weakens individual states
– Wealthy regions no longer rely
on individual state
– Why are we loyal to this state if
we have to pay all these taxes?
• Catalonia (Spain)
• Padania (Italy)
– Multinational states threatened
by internal nationalism
• UK (Scotland)
• Belgium