Transcript Peace Conferences held prior to the end of the war: 1. Yalta

Period 2:
• Read the following slides to understand
how to fill in the blanks for the remainder
of your packet.
Yalta Conference
Peace Conferences held prior to beating
Hitler. Yalta Conference (Feb. 1945 in
Russia)
Meeting between the “Big Three” Allied
Leaders:
Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin
leaders discussed What would the Winners do at
the end of the war? What are the problems?
Decide to…..
-divide Germany into 4 zones
-War crime tribunals for German & Japanese leaders.
-Self-determination for nations living within German
occupied land
-Create the United Nations
Outcomes of the War:
• 1. European powers lose empires
Creates independence movements in
Africa
• 2. Cold War
– Est two major world power
– Division of Germany & Iron Curtain
•
•
•
•
3.War crime trials
4. Marshall Plan
5.United Nations
NATO & Warsaw pact
1. European powers lose empires
After WWII
India & Africa
imperial colonies will
begin to fight and
demand their
freedom.
From 1940s-1960s
countries will use
violence & nonviolence to earn
freedom from
European
oppressors.
2. The Cold War will break out
a division in Europe between USSR’s Communist
ideas & Allies Democratic ideas
Two new super
powers…
USSR
&
USA
Germany is divided
Why?
British, French, Americans
learned that blaming
Germany & reparations of
WWI didn’t create peace!
The treaty was too harsh &
allowed for economic
collapse & rise of Hitler!
Who gets what?
-click to see
Next slide
Each allied country gets a piece of
Germany to control.
3.War crime trials
Japanese military & Nazi leaders were put on
trial for “crimes against humanity”
left: Japanese men were charged with the murder
of 637 civilians in the village of Kalagon.
Bottom: Nazi doctors on trial for treatment of
“patients” in the camps & medical tourture
experiments.
Called “Nuremberg”
War Trials
4. Marshall Plan
An Economic Recovery Plan
• established by U.S. Sec of State George
Marshall
•Marshall said, US must “do whatever it is
able to do to assist in the return of normal
economic health in the world, without which
there can be no political stability and no
assured peace."
• 13 billion in economic aid and technical
assistance to 16 European countries to help
rebuild!
•Successful! In 4 years, these countries saw
their GDP rise more than 30% & industrial
production increase 40% over prewar levels.
Grey countries got $$$ from America to rebuild.
White countries were taken over by Stalin and he refused
American money because he wanted to prove that Communism
was the better way and show that these countries could rebuild
better and faster than democratic countries.
Why give European’s $$$$
• World War I taught us that leaving a
country in economic ruin makes people
desperate and if people are desperate,
they will allow Totalitarian leaders like
Stalins & Hitlers to rise to power!
• $ creates Stability.
5. United Nations
• In 1945, representatives of 50 countries created
the United Nations Charter.
• Ratified by China, France, USSR, UK, & USA
• Purposes
maintain international peace and security; to
develop friendly relations among nations; to
cooperate in solving international problems.
6. NATO & Warsaw pact
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization
– Made up of 26 countries in Europe and
US/Canada
– Established in 1949 to protect one another.
– An attack against one is considered an
attack against all.
• Warsaw Pact;
– Stalin created a similar organization of his
countries to keep NATO from attacking his
lands.
NATO- blue
Warsaw- red
Peace Conferences1. Yalta Conference (Feb. 1945)
Churchill, FDR, Stalin
- meet before beat the Germans
2. Potsdam Conference (July 1945)
Churchill, Truman, Stalin
-meeting before the defeat of Japan
FDR dies of a
stroke… Vice
President
Harry Truman
becomes
President and
has to lead
the country to
a victory
against the
Japanese
importance
• Yalta & Potsdam conferences showed the
British/US didn’t trust Stalin’s Communist
ideas.
• NATO & Warsaw illustrate that at the end
of the War not everything was stable and
happy…. USA vs USSR became a new
type of tension called the Cold War.
How did it start?
Which ONE country was invaded that started the war?
Label Germany and draw an arrow into Poland.
For the test…
Also know:
France
UK
Italy
USSR
Where was it fought?
Label/highlight/color some of the
major battle areas
How does it end?
Draw the division in Europe between the
Communist & Democratic countries (look
back at the NATO vs Warsaw slide.
Now work on your review guide
WWI
Causes
Way it was fought
Who is blamed for
starting the war?
Who “wins”?
What marks the end?
Conclusion- what are
the effects?
What is similar?
What is different?
vs
WWII