Transcript The Cold War

The Cold War
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Essential Question
• How did WW2 help lead to the start of the
Cold War?
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Introduction
• At end of WW2, U.S. & Soviet Union became
known as SUPERPOWERS
– U.S. – Atomic Bomb & Powerful Economy
– U.S.S.R. – Red Army
• Each attempted to expand influence
• Global competition led to conflicts on every
continent for next 45 years
• “Cold” because neither side attacked openly
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Roots of the Cold War
• Competing ideological systems
• Leaders wanted to spread their ideas
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Roots of the Cold War
Western Democracies
Soviet Communism
Political
System
Citizens elected
Dictatorship controlled by
representatives, & had right Communist Party. Only this
to form own political parties. party was allowed to
operate.
Individual
Rights
Basic Rights (Speech, Press,
& Religion)
Few rights, government
controlled media, Secret
police arrested critics, &
religion was discouraged.
Economic
System
People & corporations could
own land & businesses.
Businesses provided goods &
services to make profit.
Very little private property.
Government controlled
production, and private
farms became state owned
collectives.
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The Cold War Begins in Europe
DO NOT COPY THIS SLIDE
• The Yalta Conference
• NATO
• Warsaw Pact
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The Yalta Conference
• Roosevelt, Churchill, & Stalin met before WW2
ended in 1945
• Made plans for post-war world
• Split Germany into 4 zones to be occupied by
3 allies & France
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An Iron Curtain Falls on Eastern Europe
• Soviet Army put local Communist leaders in charge
of Eastern European nations
• Stalin used Eastern Europe as buffer to protect
Soviet security
• Many Eastern European countries became Soviet
satellites
• Trade & communication cut off between East &
West
• Countries forced to create Communist governments
& economies
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Growing American Involvement
• Leaders feared Stalin wanted to rule world,
like Hitler
• U.S. was only nation that could stand up to
Soviets & Communism
• Truman Doctrine – U.S. would support people
resisting Communism, began U.S. containment
• Wouldn’t overturn existing Communism, but
would prevent it from spreading
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Growing American Involvement
• Marshall Plan – Gave money to Western
European nations to rebuild economies &
resist Communism
• Berlin Airlift
– 1948 – Allies merged 3 German zones
– Stalin closed access to Berlin & east
– Allies airlifted food & supplies
– Stalin admitted defeat, removed blockade
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Growing American Involvement
• Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany)
created in 1949
• German Democratic Republic (East Germany)
created in response
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NATO & Warsaw Pact
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
– U.S., Canada, & 10 Western European countries
– Protect Western Europe from Communism
– U.S. pledged to use nuclear weapons to defend
Europe
• Warsaw Pact
– Soviet response to NATO
– Communist countries created alliance
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How WW2 Started Cold War
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Emergence of 2 Superpowers
Ideological Differences Reemerge
Soviet Security Fears
U.S. Leaders Avoid Isolationism &
Appeasement
• New Weapons Lead to Cold War
• Rise of Communism in Asia
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