Transcript Postwar World

Postwar World
The End Creates New Beginnings
A New World
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Postwar Europe
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Dropping the Bomb
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Manhattan Project
Truman’s Dilemma
The Final Decision
Outcomes
• Read the account of a child in Hiroshima (OA 213)
– How does her experience show the effect of the bomb on
civilians?
– How do we know she likely hasn’t carried resentments
from her experience into adulthood?
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Nuclear World
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Conferences: Illusions of
Peaceful Cooperation
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Atlantic Charter 1941
Casablanca 1943
Tehran Conference 1943
Quebec Conference 1944
Yalta 1945
Potsdam 1945
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Potsdam July 1945
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In what ways were the Allies (particularly Britain and the U.S.)
appeasing Stalin, just like they had done with Hitler?
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1945: Relief then reality…
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Nazi-Axis Destroyed Europe
• Deaths: 15 million military; 30 million
civilian =60 million incl. Holocaust/Famine
• Economic devastation
• Displaced populations
• Political instability
• Destruction of transportation and
infrastructure
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Dresden, Germany
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Trials
• 22 Nazi leaders put on trial
• Hitler, Himmler & Goebbels had escaped
by suicide
• Only crimes between 1939 and 1945
• 200 men tried; 1600 in other tribunals
• Each country (Fra. U.S., Britain, USSR)
provided one judge and one alternate
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New World Order
• Rivals
• Diplomatic Structures
– UN
– NATO
– Warsaw Pact
• Geopolitical Divisions
• Confronting Communism
– Truman Doctrine
– Marshall Plan
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Nuremberg
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Valid Trials?
• Accused were not permitted to appeal
• Only the victors had judges
• Shouldn’t Soviets have been tried for
aggressions against Poland?
• The Soviet judge had participated in
Stalin’s show trials
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Occupied Germany
• 4 zones of occupation
• East v. West
• Read the account
of the re-education of
German youth. (OA
217-218)
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Result of End of War Actions
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Soviet Union had influence in E. Europe
Weak Germany becomes pawn
U.S. and Britain underestimate Stalin
Illusion of cooperation during war
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Winston Churchill
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The “Iron Curtain” (March 1946)
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From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has
descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the
ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague,
Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia; all these famous cities
and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere,
and all are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but
to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of control from
Moscow.
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In a great number of countries, far from the Russian frontiers and
throughout the world, Communist fifth columns are established and work in
complete unity and absolute obedience to the directions they receive from
the Communist center. Except in the British Commonwealth and in the
United States where Communism is in its infancy, the Communist parties or
fifth columns constitute a growing challenge and peril to Christian
civilization.
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Political/Military Rivalry
• Hot Wars
– Korea
– Vietnam
• Cold War
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Germany-Berlin Wall
Hungary
Yugoslavia
Czechoslovakia
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Threat of Stalin/USSR
• Stalin unpredictable
• Arms race
• CommunismWorldwide revolution
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Arms Race
• Competition betw. NATO and Warsaw
countries
• Resulted in techn. advances
• Deterrence because of assured
destruction
• Military replaced by intelligence gathering
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Note who has more weapons in 1945, 1955, 1970 and 1980
U.S. vs USSR Arms Race
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Nuclear Arms Race
• What is the
topic/context/occasion
of the cartoon?
• What symbols are
used? What do they
represent?
• What is the
cartoonist’s point?
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Sputnik 1957
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Space Race
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1957-1975
Military benefits
Morale boosting
Chronology:
– Satellites
– Living organisms in space
– Lunar landings
– Travel to other planets
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Questions from Text (798)
• Was the Cold War inevitable?
• How were the ideas of George Kennan
reflected in Truman’s Cold War policies?
• How would you assess overall
responsibility for the origins of the Cold
War?
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Russians: The Popular Enemy
• Listen to Sting’s song:
“The Russians”
http://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=4rk78eCIx4
E
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Cold War
Ideology, Science, Economics
1945-1989
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