Transcript U.S. Foreign Policy

U.S. Foreign Policy
Imperialism
• A stronger country
takes over a weaker
country or region
• U.S. took control of
Philippine Islands
after SpanishAmerican War (1898)
• Also gained control of
Puerto Rico and
Guam
Neutrality
• To avoid taking sides • George Washington’s
in a war
Farewell Address
• Not getting involved in • Beginning of World
a conflict
War I
• Beginning of World
War II
Isolationism
• Refusing to become
involved in foreign
affairs
• U.S. refused to join
League of Nations
after WWI
Reliance on International
Organizations
• Joining together with
other countries
• U.S. joined the United
Nations and NATO
after WWII
Containment
• Preventing our enemy
[Communists] from
gaining new territory
• Based on “domino
theory’
• U.S. became involved
in Korean War and
Vietnam War
• U.S. supported
Contras in Nicaragua
Collective Security
• Relying on
international
organizations for
national security
• Attack on one is an
attack on all
• Joining NATO to
protect against
communist
aggression
• Led USSR to create
the Warsaw Pact
Detente
• Relaxation or easing
of tensions
• U.S. and Soviet
relations improved in
the 1970s [with Nixon]
until the Soviet
invasion of
Afghanistan in Dec.
1979
• Signing of SALT I
Treaty
Monroe Doctrine-1823
• U.S. did not want
Europe to claim more
land in Latin America
• U.S. told Europe to
stay away from newly
independent countries
in Latin America
• In return U.S. would
stay out of European
affairs
Manifest Destiny-1840s
• Americans wanted
more land
• Belief that the U.S.
should expand its
territory [from sea to
shining sea]
• Used to justify gaining
Oregon, Texas and
Mexican Cession
• 1890s-used to justify
overseas expansion
Open Door Policy-1899
• U.S. wanted access
to trade with China
• Sec. John Hay idea
that all nations should
have equal
commercial and
industrial trade rights
in China
Roosevelt Corollary
“Big Stick Policy” 1901-1909
• U.S. wanted to keep
Europe out of Latin
America
• Teddy Roosevelt’s
policy that the U.S.
will act as a “police
force” in Latin
America
• Used this policy to
justify U.S.
intervention in LA to
collect debts
Good Neighbor Policy-1933
• Latin America was
unhappy with U.S.
interventions in their
region
• Franklin D. Roosevelt
attempted to improve
relations with Latin
America by pledging
not to interfere in
affairs in the region
Cash and Carry Policy
• U.S. wanted to
remain neutral while
helping France and
Britain fight Germany
during WII
• United States agreed
to sell armaments to
Britain and other
nations opposed to
the Axis Powers, but
only on the condition
that the arms were
paid for in advance
and transported from
the United States in
foreign ships.
Lend-Lease Act 1941
• Roosevelt wished to
provide Britain with all
possible aid short of
war.
• it allowed Roosevelt
to authorize the
transfer of military
materials to Britain
with the
understanding that
they would ultimately
be paid for or
returned if they were
not destroyed.
Truman Doctrine-1947
• The Soviet Union and
the spread of
communism were
seen as threats
• President Truman
said the U.S. would
provide support to
any nation fighting
communism
• Greece and Turkey
successfully fought off
communism
Marshall Plan-1948
• Europe had been
destroyed by WWII
• Plan of Sec. Marshall
for the U.S. to provide
economic aid to
Europe to rebuild their
economies after WWII
• Aid also offered to
USSR and Satellite
nations, but they
refused
Brinkmanship
• Increasing tension
between the U.S. and
the Soviet Union
during the Cold War
• the practice of
pushing dangerous
events to the verge
of—or to the brink
of—disaster in order
to achieve the most
advantageous
outcome.
• Example- Cuban
Missile Crisis