Transcript New Trends in foreign policy

Foreign and Domestic
Policy
Definitions

Foreign Policy:
– Refers to actions or engagements that occur OUTSIDE of
The United States (say, Afghanistan). If ANYTHING is
labeled “Foreign” it means dealing with something
OUTSIDE of the U.S.

Domestic Policy:

Refers to actions or engagements that occur INSIDE The United
States. If ANYTHING is labeled “Domestic” it means dealing with
something Inside the U.S.
Foreign Policy

Primary Duties are split between Executive and
Legislative Branches.

Who is the Chief Diplomat in the United States?
President. S/he negotiates treaties with foreign
countries (military/peace/economic).


How does the Legislative Branch get involved?
 They must APPROVE the Treaty for it to be legal.
Which House of Congress approves treaties?
 Senate.
United States Foreign policy
 Isolationism
is the policy of
avoiding conflict with foreign
nations by limiting foreign
relations. For the first 170 years or
so of the history of the United
States, the U.S. government tried
to stay out of foreign affairs.
Instead the nation tried to focus on
its own issues and problems. This
did not always work out.
United States Foreign policy
 Neutrality
is the
idea of the
government not
getting involved in
a foreign conflict.
To stay out of a war
or not choose sides.
United States Foreign policy

A doctrine in foreign policy
is a statement of how the
government is planning on
acting toward foreign
governments in certain
situations. The U.S. had the
Monroe Doctrine for about
100 years. This stated that
the U.S. would treat any
European involvement in
Latin American matters as
an act of aggression and
war.
United States Foreign policy

A corollary is a statement
that follows as a natural or
logical result. What
logically followed the
Monroe Doctrine was the
Roosevelt Corollary. This
statement said that the U.S.
would get involved in the
matters of any Latin
American country if they
could not govern
themselves.
United States Foreign policy

Dollar diplomacy was the name given to the policy of
sending American troops to protect private American
financial interests in unstable Latin American countries.
 Because using American troops in neighboring countries did
not make those countries happy with the U.S., President
Franklin Roosevelt decided in 1933 to adopt a “Good
Neighbor Policy” which stopped American military
involvement in Latin American countries.
Timeline of American foreign policy
TIME
PERIOD
FOREIGN POLICY
APPROACH
WAR or
PEACE?
RESULT
1776-1783
War of Independence
WAR
US gains Independence from Great Britain
1783-1812
Isolationism (Neutrality)
Peace
Establishing the Nation
1812-1815
War of 1812
WAR
U.S. protects its economic & political rights
1815-1846
Isolationism/ Monroe Doctrine
Peace
Westward Expansion
1846-1848
Mexican War
WAR
1848-1898
Isolationism (Neutrality) /
Monroe Doctrine
Peace with
Neighbors
The U.S. gains more territory to allow westward
expansion
Long period of Monroe Doctrine and Isolationism
and distracted by the Civil War, 1861-1865
1898
The Spanish-American War
WAR
1898-1915
Isolationism (Neutrality)
Peace
1915-1919
World War I
WAR
1919-1941
Isolationism (Neutrality)
Peace
Trying to stay out of global conflict (The Good
Neighbor Policy)
1941-1945
World War II
WAR
1945-1991
The Cold War
Peace
(sort of)
U.S. pulled into WWII and became a Global
Player
The U.S. was in an international standoff and
power struggle with the Soviet Union. Tried to
Protected U.S. influence in the Western
Hemisphere
Trying to stay out of global conflict (The Roosevelt
Corollary)
U.S. pulled into WWI and became a Global Player
23.1
THE THREE BRANCHES OF
GOVERNMENT AND FOREIGN
POLICY
The three branches of government and
foreign policy



The Legislature
– The Senate ratifies (or confirms) treaties with other
countries by a 2/3 vote.
The Executive
– The President is Commander-in-Chief of the military.
– The President’s advisor, the Secretary of State, helps
manage relations with foreign countries.
– The President appoints ambassadors to foreign
countries.
The Judiciary
– The Supreme Court has the power to interpret treaties
ratified by the Senate.
23.2
THE COLD WAR
The cold war

The United Nations (UN)
was created after World
War II in order to help
prevent future wars and
conflict. There are 193
member nations and they
meet to coordinate peaceful
solutions to global issues
such as war, starvation,
disease, poverty, and natural
disasters.
The cold war

Communism is an
economic and political
system in which the
means of production of
food and other items are
owned and controlled by
the government.
 Satellite nations are
countries that are
controlled by another
country.
The cold war

Containment was the U.S.
policy of stopping the spread of
communism by influencing other
countries to be friendly to the
democratic U.S. and not the
communist Soviet Union.
 NATO (North Atlantic Treaty
Organization) is a military
alliance organization that was
originally created to protect
against the threat of the Soviet
Union and the spread of
communism.
The cold war

The Cold War represented a
balance of power between the
US and the Soviet Union. A
balance of power is when
countries are about equal in
strength.
 The balance of power was tested
and became very tense (almost
causing an actual war) in 1962
during the Cuban Missile
Crisis.
The cold war

A limited war was fought between
noncommunist nations and
communist nations between 1951
and 1973. A limited war is a war
where countries do not use all of
their military power (especially not
nuclear weapons) in fighting
against their enemies. The Korean
War (1951-1953) and the
Vietnam War (1954-1975) are
examples of limited wars.
The cold war

In 1985, a détente, or
lessening of tensions
(between the U.S. and the
USSR) was announced by
the Soviet Union as their
empire began to collapse
economically and
politically. By 1991, the
USSR was no more and
became divided into many
different nations.