Transcript Germany 1918 – 1924.

Germany 1918 – 1924.
GSCE Revision.
Break it down…..
• Versailles & Weimar.
• The Depression & Hitler’s Rise to
Power.
• The Consolidation of Power.
• Life in Nazi Germany.
• Germany During WWII.
On a Need to Know Basis…
• Who was there & what they
wanted?
• What was decided?
• What were the reactions to the
Treaty?
The ‘BIG THREE’
were the main people
Wilson – USA
Lloyd George – UK
Clemenceau –
France
Germany NOT
invited.
WILSON - wanted a
‘Fair’ peace – main
priority was the League
of Nations.
Clemenceau – A ‘Harsh’
peace. To make Germany
pay!!!
Lloyd George – ‘Fair’
peace & Germany to
begin trading again.
Even thought he Allies wanted peace, many people also thought that the
decisions they made were influenced by their own interests.
Image from: http://history.acusd.edu/gen/text/versaillestreaty/vercontents.html
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Blamed for starting the war.
League of Nations to be set up.
Armed forces.
Money/Reparations.
Existing land reduced.
Germany were ‘BLAMED’ for starting the
war. This was called the ‘war guilt’ clause.
It was numbered 231. They had to accept
responsibility for starting the war.
If the Allies made them sign this they would
be justified in making a harsh peace.
League of Nations.
This was Wilson’s idea – to set up an
‘international police force’ to keep world
peace.
Germany was not allowed to join.
Armed Forces.
The German army was reduced to 100, 000
men. The navy was also reduced – 6 warships
and no submarines. No air force was allowed.
The army was so small it could not defend
Germany if she was attacked.
Money – Reparations - Compensation.
Germany had to ‘pay’ for the damage caused.
She signed a blank cheque at Versailles because
they did not decide the amount. This happened
in 1921.
The amount that was set was £6,600 million
(£6.6 billion).
Existing land was reduced.
The Allies weakened Germany so that she
would never start another war. They did this
by taking her land from her. Two of the most
important decisions were that Alsace-Lorraine
was given back to France and that Germany was not
allowed to unite with Austria.
How Did the Germans Feel?
Angry, bitter, hurt, disappointed.
Many Germans felt humiliated. They thought that
they had been unfairly treated. They had signed the
Treaty based on Wilson’s 14 Points. The 14 Points
had not been taken up. The treaty was called the
‘Diktat’ – dictated peace.
Germany Exam Paper.
• 1 Hour in length.
• Section A deals with ‘Evidence’.
Spend 30 minutes on it.
• Section B – Factual, a choice.
Spend 30 minutes on it.
• There will be hints in Section A for B.
• Never leave anything blank.
Section A.
• Hardest on the paper as it deals with evidence.
Always the ‘same’.
• A = 3 marks. Something from the source,
something from your own knowledge.
• B = 4 marks. 2 things from the source, 2 things
from your own knowledge.
• C = 5 marks. Always usefulness. Follow the
formula.
• D = 8 marks. Always a quote, tests reliability,
memory
and attribution.
Question A.
What does source A tell
us about the German
reaction to the Treaty of
Versailles? [3]
Something from the
source, something from
your own knowledge.
Question B.
Source B.
A simplistic view of the
Treaty of Versailles. The
Allies dealt with a number
of things. They reduced the
army, made Germany pay
reparations, took away her
land.
KS3 School History Book
According to Source B,
how was Germany
affected by the Treaty of
Versailles? [4]
Question C.
Through the door appear 6 soldiers in single
file…2 German representatives. The silence
is terrifying…2000 staring eyes…they are
deathly pale, it is all very painful.
Clemenceau says ‘we are here to sign a
Treaty of Peace.’ We kept our seats while
the Germans were led like prisoners from
the dock.
Harold Nicholson, 1919, British representative at Versailles.
How useful is this
source to a historian
studying the German
feelings of unfairness of
the Treaty of Versailles?
[5]
Source D.
The reparations Germany had to
pay was not much. In the 6 yrs.
Before World War Two Hitler
spent 7 times as much rearming
the country. In 1919 a strong
Germany was left surrounded by
small states…
Etienne Mantoux a French Historian 1945.
In source D, the author is
suggesting that the
Treaty of Versailles was
fair and the Germans
chose not to stick to it.
Is this interpretation a
fair one?
Key Events from Versailles to
Munich.
• Uprisings in Germany after the end of
WWI. The country is near to Civil War.
• Problems of the Weimar Constitution.
• Invasion of the Ruhr.
• Munich Putsch.
War ends.
Treaty signed.
Uprisings in
Berlin.
Reparations figure
decided.
French invade Ruhr.
Hyper-inflation sets in.
Germany
misses her 2nd
reparations
payment
Stresemann
begins to get
Germany
‘back on track’
END