Transcript Versailles Treaty PPT

The War to End
All Wars ended
on November 11,
1918.
The
$338,000,000,000
Europe
was war
left cost
to wonder
what had
Over
21 million
Over 8,500,000
happened.
men returned
soldiers died.
injured.
Over 65 million men were mobilize.
Someone had to pay…the
There question
were 37,500,000was
casualties.
who?
Despair
Atheism
Suicide
Distrust of government
NEVER AGAIN
Frustration
Hopelessness
Anger
Leadership failure
Futility
Nihilism
Treaty of Versailles
•
Four Allied countries went to Versailles,
France to begin the peace treaty process.
•
They were called the Big Four.
1.
2.
3.
4.
France
England
U.S.
Italy
• Each country wanted something out of the
treaty.
• Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia were
not invited.
The Big Four have different visions of peace.
Georges Clemenceau was the
French leader.
Woodrow Wilson was the
President
What heofwanted:
the United
States.
• Clemenceau wanted the
What hetowanted:
Germans
be made weak so
that
would
attack
•Hethey
wanted
to not
rebuild
the
France
worldagain.
after the devastation
of the World War with his
•Clemenceau
demanded
Fourteen Points
peacethat
plan.
David Lloyd
Vittorio
Orlando
George
waswas
thethe
Italian
British
leader.
leader. Germany pay to repair the
•He pushed
hard tooncreate
damage
they caused
France.
What he wanted:
the League of Nations.
•He also wanted Germany to
•He publicly
•Once
a member
called
offor
thethe
Central
Germans
Powers,
to be
Italy
held
changed
•Heresponsibility
tried to convince
other
take
for starting
responsible
sides
when Britain
for starting
and France
the war.
said they would
give
members
of the Big Four
the
war.
them land on Adriatic coast at the end of the war.
that harsh punishments on
•However, he worried that if the Germans were
Germany
would lead to
not allowed
•Orlando
expected
to recover
them
from
to keep
the war
their
there
promise
would
and
be morethe
receive
trouble
land in
at the
the future.
Treaty of Versailles. future war.
The Treaty of Versailles
• The treaty was signed on June 28th, 1919.
• Much of Wilson’s 14 Points were changed
or thrown away by the other members of
the Big Four.
Problems
• Italy was not given the land
they were promised by
England and France.
• Because Japan was officially
part of the Allies, they thought
they were going to get some
land as well.
– They didn’t.
• Russia, who lost the most
Allied soldiers during the war,
were made to hand over more
land than Germany!
German Reluctant Agreement
In the Treaty, Germany reluctantly agreed to:
1. Significantly limit the size of its army and
navy.
2. Pay reparations (war damages) to the Allies.
•
•
$33 Billion Dollars!!!
Everyone knew they would not be able to pay.
3. Germany had to admit in the “guilt clause” that
they caused the outbreak and devastation of
WWI.
The Victorious Allies make the Germans sign a peace
treaty at the Palace of Versailles in France.
But the Germans were forced to accept very harsh conditions… the
treaty would lead to future problems.
Germans and the Treaty
• The Treaty of
Versailles was hated by
the German people!!!!
• The economic hardships
caused by the reparations
and the war guilt clause
made the rise of
Hitler inevitable.
Treaty of Versailles Map
•Took German land away for other
countries.
• Alsace-Lorraine given to
France.
• A piece of Germany was
given to Poland.
• Split the Austria-Hungary
Empire into two countries.
• Created many new European
nations, like:
1. Poland
2. Czechoslovakia
3. Estonia
4. Latvia
5. Lithuania
6. Finland
7. Yugoslavia
• Created a demilitarized zone
between France and Germany
called the Rhineland.
Foundation for WWII
• The Treaty of Versailles was
a flawed peace treaty.
• It laid the foundation for
WWII, which will begin in
1939.
– Only 20 years after the Treaty
of Versailles was signed!
• Resentments by Germany,
Italy, and Japan are going to
result in ruthless
dictatorships.
14 Points and League of Nations
Fourteen Points
In a nutshell, Wilson…
1. Wanted to stop general causes of war,
such as secret alliances between nations.
2. Wanted to create European “selfdetermination in Europe.”
3. Wanted to create the League of Nations.
League of Nations
• Although the U.S. did not join the
League of Nations, it was still created.
• Nations such as England, France, Italy, and
Japan joined the league.