Transcript File - MRC Monsters and Maniacs

1914-1918:
World War I
The World at
War
Causes
of the
War
1. The Alliance System
Triple Entente:
Triple Alliance:
Two Armed Camps!
Allied Powers:
Central Powers:
May
1915
Europe 1914
The Major Players: 1914-17
Allied Powers
Nicholas II
[Russia]
Victor
Emmanuel
II [Italy]
George V
[Britain]
President
Poincare
[France]
Central Powers
Wilhelm II
[Germany]
Franz Josef
[Austria-Hungary]
Enver Pasha
[Turkey]
Europe in WW1
The
“Spark”
Archduke Franz
Ferdinand & His Family
The Assassin:
GavriloPrincip
The Treaty of Versailles
The Mood in 1919
 Most countries felt Germany should pay for the damage
and destruction caused by the War.
 The countries of Europe were exhausted.
 Their economies and industries were in a poor state.
 Millions had died. Almost every family had lost a
member in the fighting.
 Ordinary citizens faced shortages of food and medicine.
The Four Major Leaders
‘The Big 4’
The Aims of the Leaders
 There was disagreement about what the conference was
aiming to do.
 Some felt the aim was to punish Germany.
 Some wanted to cripple Germany so it couldn’t start
another war.
 Some felt the winning countries should be rewarded.
 Some aimed for a just and lasting peace.
Woodrow Wilson
David Lloyd George
 President of the USA.
 The prime minister of Great
Britain.
 He didn’t want the Treaty to be
too harsh as he believed this
would lead to revenge.
 An experienced politician
who realised there must be
compromise.
 Wilson did not understand the
deep feelings of hatred in
Europe.
 The people of Britain wanted
revenge.
 He knew this would lead to
war but he represented the
people
George Clemenceau
Vittorio Orlando
 President of France.
 Italian Prime Minister.
 Clemenceau had seen France
invaded by Germany in 1870
and 1914, he wanted to make
sure this would never happen
again.
 Wanted land and territory for
Italy.
 France had suffered greatly
during the War they wanted
compensation and revenge.
 Walked out of the meeting when
he didn’t get his way in April
1919.
 Returned to sign the Treaty in
May.
Information to help you understand
why so many people wanted revenge
after the war?
 Around 8 million people had been killed
 The cost of the war was roughly nine thousand million pounds
 The destruction of land, homes, farms and factories was huge
 Millions more people died after the war due to famine and disease
The terms of the Treaty of
Versailles
 Germany had to accept total responsibility for starting
WW1- This was called the ‘War Guilt Clause’ or Article
231
 Germany had to pay 6.6 million pounds in reparations to
cover war damages and other Allied losses. These were
called: Reparations.
 Germany was to have her colonies taken away from her.
 The German army was to have no more than 100,000
men and the navy was limited to 15,000 sailors- There
was to be NO air force and no submarines.
 The Treaty led the Germans to feel bitter
and opened the path for a young man
called Adolf Hitler to rise to power.