Transcript U3D7- Effects of WWI

 Many substantial social changes occurred as
a result of WWI.
 Women took over the jobs of men who went
overseas such as nursing, working in
factories and making munitions.
 They also aided the war effort in the military
as cooks, clerks and telephone operators.
 This increased role in the workplace,
combined with the push during the
Progressive Era led to the passage of the 19th
amendment.
 Job openings also provided African
Americans opportunities, and many of
them moved North to fill these jobs in
industries. This began what became
known as the ‘Great Migration’.
 Since most of the job openings were
in factories, many migrated to large
cities, especially in the
Northeast/Midwest.
 Similarly, Mexican Americans took over
many of the farming jobs left open by
servicemen.
 When the U.S entered the war in 1917, it had turned into a stalemate
(neither side making progress) between the Allied and Central Powers.
 Allied Powers Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy and United States
 Central Powers Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire
 In an effort to protect merchant ships from German U-boats, the U.S. began
implementing a convoy system, in which smaller, armed ships would escort
larger merchant ships.
 This was integral in getting supplies safely to the Allied
Powers.
 Russia had already withdrawn from the war before the U.S.
entered, freeing up German troops to concentrate on the
Western Front.
 The Bolshevik Revolution had overthrown the Russian
czar, creating a civil war in Russia.
 The U.S. provided much needed troops to the Allied
forces, and were led my General John J. Pershing.
Remember him?
 Though they did not have as much combat training,
they were fresh in the fight and provided a much
needed boost in terms of morale.
 This earned them the nickname ‘doughboys’.
 They helped stop the German advance on the Western
Front and many distinguished themselves during battle.
 When the war ended on November 11,
1918, it was time to decide what would
happen to the countries in the Central
Powers.
 Wilson promoted the idea of “peace
without victory”, an idea in which the
victors should not punish the losers.
He believed this would cause
resentment between the ‘winners’ and
‘losers’ of the war.
 He considered his proposal, known as the
Fourteen Points, as a way of encouraging
self-determination within Europe.
 At the Paris peace conference, Allied
leaders did not agree with Wilson’s idea
of ‘peace without victory’.
 Instead, they forced Germany to pay
reparations, or payment for war damages.
 New states were created, breaking up the
land that the Central Powers had gained
during the war.
 Smaller states less power!
 Although many of his Fourteen Points
were cast aside, Wilson was able to
salvage his proposal for a League of
Nations– a worldwide organization to
discuss problems (in the hopes of
avoiding another war).
 Back in the United States, certain individuals were
hesitant for the U.S. to adopt the Treaty of Versailles
as it was written because they feared it would allow
the U.S. to engage in war w/o the consent of
Congress.
 The group largely opposed to the treaty were known
as the ‘Irreconcilables’.
 They were mainly Republicans (the group that
controlled the Senate) and led by Henry Cabot
Lodge.
 However, the Treaty of Versailles did not pass in the
Senate because of strong opposition, and as a result,
the U.S. never joined the League of Nations.
What does
this
foreshadow
about the
League of
Nations?