Transcript United States History Unit “Isolation vs

WORLD WAR I
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SSUSH15 The student will analyze the origins
and impact of U.S. involvement in
World War I.
a. Describe the movement from U.S. neutrality to
engagement in World War I, with reference to
unrestricted submarine warfare.
b. Explain the domestic impact of World War I, as
reflected by the origins of the Great Migration, the
Espionage Act, and socialist Eugene Debs.
c. Explain Wilson’s Fourteen Points and the proposed
League of Nations.
WORLD WAR I
United States History Unit “Isolation vs.
Globalization”
 Elaborated Unit Focus The focus of this unit is the
development of World War I, II and the Cold War. This
unit will examine the changes caused by the conflicts
that involved much of the world. These changes not
only involved how we looked at our world but also
how our beliefs and ideals changed as a result. It
also involved taking a closer look at individuals,
groups, and institutions to see how improvements
could be made to create a better United States and
world. Technological innovations created the need
for people to move and migrate to new areas.
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WORLD WAR I
 ORAL PRE-TEST, WHAT DO YOU
KNOW ABOUT WORLD WAR I?
 AKA, THE GREAT WAR
 THE WAR TO END ALL WARS
 THE WAR TO MAKE THE WORLD SAFE
FOR DEMOCRACY
 1914-1918
 REMEMBER THESE YEARS? 17751783, 1861-1865
CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I
 MAIN
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MILITARISM
ALLIANCES
IMPERIALISM
NATIONALISM
WORLD WAR I
MILITARISM
 1.MILITARY BUILDUP, ARMY, NAVY
 2.MILITARY ARMS RACE, FR, IT, JA,
US, UK, GE, AU-HU
 3.SEE HANDOUT
WORLD WAR I
ALLIANCES, P. 585 DURING WAR
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ALLIED POWERS
FRANCE
UNITED KINGDOM
RUSSIA
ITALY
USA
 CENTRAL
POWERS
 GERMANY
 AUSTRIAHUNGARY
 BULGARIA
 OTTOMAN EMPIRE
(LATER, TURKEY)
WORLD WAR I ALLIANCES BEFORE
OUTBREAK OF WAR
WORLD WAR I ALLIANCES
WORLD WAR I
IMPERIALISM
 1.EMPIRE BUILDING
 2.COMPETITION FOR COLONIES IN
MAINLY IN ASIA AND AFRICA
 3.COMPETITORS: UK, GE, IT, FR, JA,
US
 4.DESIRE FOR RAW MATERIALS IN
COLONIES
 5.COLONIES PROVIDED MARKETS
WORLD WAR I, NATIONALISM
 1.DEVOTION BY PEOPLE TO A NATION AND
A NATION’S CULTURE, HISTORY, RELIGION,
AND LANGUAGE
 2.ETHNIC GROUPS (NATIONALITIES)
WANTED LAND, INDEPENDENCE, AND
PROTECTION
 3.FOR EX., RUSSIA, PROTECTOR OF SLAVS,
SCATTERED ACROSS BALKAN PENINSULA
CONTROLLED BY AU-HU
 4.BALKAN PEN., “POWDER KEG” OF
EUROPE
WORLD WAR I, NATIONALISM
WORLD WAR I PLAYERS, CENTRAL
POWERS
 NATION
 GERMANY
 AUSTRIAHUNGARY
 LEADER
 KAISER WILHELM
II
 EMPEROR FRANZ
JOSEPH
WORLD WAR I PLAYERS, ALLIED
POWERS
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NATION
UNITED KINGDOM
FRANCE
RUSSIA
UNITED STATES
 LEADER
 DAVID LLOYD
GEORGE
 GEORGES
CLEMENCEAU
 CZAR NICHOLAS II
 WOODROW
WILSON
IMMEDIATE CAUSE OF WORLD
WAR I
 1. ASSASSINATION OF ARCHDUKE,
AND HEIR TO THE THRONE OF
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, FRANZ
FERDINAND
IMMEDIATE CAUSE FACTS
 THE ASSASSINATION…
 1.BY WHOM? GAVRILO PRINCIP
 2.FOR WHAT TERRORIST GROUP?
THE BLACK HAND
 3.WHERE? SARAJEVO, BOSNIA IN
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
 “THE SPARK” WHICH IGNITED THE
“POWDER KEG”
“THE SPThe Black Hand was founded by former members of a
semi-secret society named Narodna Odbrana (Defense of the
People) dedicated to achieving Pan-Slavism and nationalism by
means of assassination.
WORLD WAR I, THE WAR BEGINS
 1.WHERE? THE WESTERN FRONT
 2.TRENCH WARFARE
WORLD WAR I, THE ROLE OF THE
UNITED STATES
 1.UNTIL 1917, POLICY OF
NEUTRALITY
 2.POLICY OF NOT TAKING SIDES
 3.USA, EXAMPLE OF PEACE
 4.DIVIDED LOYALTIES IN USA
REASONS FOR USA INVOLVEMENT
IN WORLD WAR I
 1.TO ENSURE PAYMENT OF ALLIED WAR
DEBTS
 2.TO PROTECT USA SHIPPING
 3.UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE WARFARE
BY GERMANY
 a.SINKING OF THE LUSITANIA, 5.1915
 b.ZIMMERMAN NOTE, 1.1917
 c.INCREASED SUB WARFARE BY GER/LOSS
OF AMERICAN LIFE
 d.RUSSIAN REVOLUTION, 3.1917
 (1) DEMOCRACIES V. MONARCHIES
 (2) PRESIDENT WILSON, “MAKE THE
WORLD SAFE FOR DEMOCRACY”
ENTRY OF USA SWINGS BALANCE
OF POWER
1.MOBILIZATION OF ARMY/NAVY
2.RESULT: ALLIED VICTORY
3.HOW?
a.SELECTIVE SERVICE ACT, 1917, REQUIRED MEN TO
REGISTER W/ GOVT TO BE RANDOMLY SELECTED FOR
MILITARY SERVICE (DRAFT)
 b.NAVAL IMPROVEMENTS TO MOVE WAR GOODS
 C.NEW WEAPONS: MACHINE GUNS, AIRPLANES,
ZEPPELINS, POISON GAS, TANKS
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SELECTIVE SERVICE POSTER
 The German military made extensive
use of Zeppelins as bombers and
scouts.
TOTAL WAR AND THE END OF THE
WAR…
 Total war is a conflict of unlimited
scope in which a belligerent engages
in a total mobilization of all available
resources at their disposal, whether
human, industrial, agricultural,
military, natural, technological, or
otherwise, in order to entirely destroy
or render beyond use their rival's
capacity to continue resistance.
TOTAL WAR…USA
 1.A NATION’S USE OF ALL RESOURES
FOR WAR EFFORT
 2.SHIFT IN ECO., CONSUMER GOODS
TO WAR GOODS
 3.WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD, RR
ADMIN, FUEL ADMIN, FOOD ADMIN
 4.USE OF PROPAGANDA
PROPAGANDA
PROPAGANDA
DOMESTIC (HOME-USA) IMPACT
OF WWI
 1.ANTI-IMMIGRANT HYSTERIA
 2.ESPIONAGE AND SEDITION ACTS, 1917-1918; 2
LAWS, IMPOSED HARSH PENALTIES ON PERSONS
WHO SPOKE AGAINST U.S.A. BEING IN WWI
 (VIOLATION OF FIRST AMENDMENT RIGHTS)
 a.EX. EUGENE DEBS, AMERICAN SOCIALIST PARTY
FOUNDER, 10YR. PRISION SENTENCE…ANTI-WAR
AND DRAFT
 3.GREAT MIGRATION, MOVEMENT OF MANY
SOUTHERN BLACKS TO NORTH (ESCAPE JIM CROW)
Eugene Victor Debs (November 5, 1855 – October 20, 1926) American union
leader, one of the founding members of the International Labor Union and the
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), candidate for President of the United States as
a member of the Social Democratic Party
 Debs was imprisoned once more after being arrested and
convicted under the Espionage Act of 1917 during the
First Red Scare for speaking against American
involvement in World War I. He was later pardoned by
President of the United States Warren G. Harding, and
died not long after being admitted to a sanitarium.
The states in blue had the ten largest net gains of
African Americans, while the states in red had the
ten largest net losses.
REASONS, GREAT MIGRATION,
EARLY 1900S
 1.ESCAPE JIM CROW, RACE
DISCRIMINATION
 2.FIND JOBS
 a.LESS IMMIGRATION DUE TO WAR MEANT
MORE OPPORTUNITY FOR BLACKS
 3.BLACK NEWPAPERS PRINTED ARTICLES
CONTRASTING NORTHERN OPPORTUNITIES
WITH SOUTHERN LYNCHINGS
DOMESTIC IMPACT, CONTINUED
 4. INCREASED PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN
IN THE WORKFORCE
 5. FLU EPIDEMIC, 1918, MILLIONS DIED
THROUGHOUT WORLD
 1918 – 1920: avian flu: Spanish flu: more
people were hospitalized in World War I
from this epidemic than wounds. Estimates
of the dead range from 20 to 100 million
worldwide (WHO)
WOODROW WILSON’S PLAN FOR
PEACE, POSTWAR
THE FOURTEEN POINTS
1.NO SECRET TREATIES
2.FREEDOM OF THE SEAS FOR ALL
3.ABOLISH OR LOWER TARIFFS FOR FREE
TRADE
 4.REDUCTION OF MILITARIES
 5.POLICIES ABOUT COLONIES SHOULD
CONSIDER NATIVES (NATIONALITIES) AND
IMPERIALIST POWERS.(SELFDETERMINATION)
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FOURTEEN POINTS, CONTINUED
 6-13. BOUNDARIES FOR NATIONS
BASED ON SELF-DETERMINATION
(RIGHT OF NATIONALITIES TO
CHOOSE); NATIONALITIES FORM
NATIONS OR CHOOSE NATION TO
WHICH TO BELONG
 14. A LEAGUE OF NATIONS,
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION TO
MAINTAIN WORLD PEACE
FOURTEEN POINTS
 The Fourteen Points were listed in a
speech delivered by President
Woodrow Wilson of the United States
to a joint session of the United States
Congress on January 8, 1918. This
speech was intended to assure the
country that the war was being
fought for a moral cause and for
peace in Europe after World War I.
LEAGUE OF NATIONS
 The League of Nations (LoN) was an
international organization founded as a
result of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919–
1920. At its greatest extent, from 28
September 1934, to the 23 February 1935,
it had 58 members. The League's goals
included disarmament, preventing war
through collective security, settling disputes
between countries through negotiation,
diplomacy and improving global quality of
life.
LEAGUE OF NATIONS
REJECTION OF WILSON’S PLAN
1.PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE
2.BIG “4”, FR, IT, UK, US
a.PUNISH GERMANY
3.TREATY OF VERSAILLES, 1919
a.GERMANY HAD TO PAY REPARATIONS
b.GERMANY HAD TO TAKE BLAME FOR
WAR, WAR GUILT CLAUSE.
 4.FOURTEEN POINTS IGNORED, EXCEPT
THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
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TREATY OF VERSAILLES
 5.U.S SENATOR, HENRY
CABOT LODGE, LED
OPPOSITION TO TREATY.
US SENATE REJECTED
THE TREATY; SIGNED
SEPARATE TREATY
 6.USA NEVER JOINED
THE LEAGUE OF
NATIONS.
 7.US SENATE FEARED
BEING INVOLVED IN
FUTURE CONFLICTS IN
EUROPE.
 Wilson claimed that he could "predict
with absolute certainty that within
another generation there will be
another world war if the nations of
the world do not concert the method
by which to prevent it.“ (referring to
US rejection of the Treaty and not
joining the League of Nations)
TREATY OF VERSAILLES
 The Treaty of Versailles was one of
the peace treaties at the end of World
War I. It ended the state of war
between Germany and the Allied
Powers. It was signed on 28 June
1919.
 The USA signed a separate treaty
with Germany in 1921.
RESULTS OF WORLD WAR I
1.DESTRUCTION/LOSS OF LIFE
2.RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
3.DEFEAT OF CENTRAL POWERS
4.TREATY OF VERSAILLES
5.FORMATION OF MANDATES
(TEMPORARY COLONIES)
 6.LEAGUE OF NATIONS
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RESULTS OF WORLD WAR I,
LONGTERM
 1.SOCIAL CHANGE, USA, BLACK FLIGHT
NORTH
 2.EMERGENCE OF USA AS ECO. POWER
 3.EMERGING MILITARY POWER OF USA
 4.ENTRANCE OF WOMEN INTO
WORKFORCE
 5.BREAKUP OF EMPIRES
 6.USA POLICY OF ISOLATION
 7.RISE OF TOTALITARIANISM IN EUROPE
AND JAPAN
 8.WORLD WAR II