Transcript CFA Remediation

PA Remediation
Goals 2.01, 2.02, 2.04
Organic Compounds
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic
Acids
Made of?
(elements)
Monomer
Polymer
Test
Use
N/A
Organic Compounds
Made of?
(elements)
Monomer
Polymer
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic
Acids
C, H, O
1:2:1 ratio
C, H, O, N
C, H, O
No Ratio
C, H, O, N,
P
Simple Sugar
C6H12O6
Starches
Amino
Acids
Protein
Fatty Acids Nucleotide
Lipids:
steroid, waxes
Test
Benedict’s
RNA &
DNA
Biuret’s
Brown
Paper Bag
N/A
Structural
Elements &
Enzymes
Structural
Elements
Heredity
Information
(Monomer)
Lugol’s(Polymer)
Use
Energy
Cell
Membranes
Which of the following
macromolecules found in
animal tissues functions to
insulate and help animals
conserve heat?
•
Carbohydrates
•
Lipids
•
Proteins
•
Nucleic acids
Carbon is important to
living things because:
•
It metabolizes easily,
creating a quick energy
source
•
It is abundant on the
Earth’s surface
•
It can form 4 covalent
bonds with other atoms
•
It has 12 protons and
neutrons
Nucleotides are to nucleic acids
as amino acids are to:
A. DNA
B. Polypeptides
C. Proteins
D. Carbohydrates
When Lugols turns dark blue to
black in color, it is an
indicator for the presence
of what compound?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Lipids
C. Proteins
D. Nucleic acids
Enzymes

Enzymes are




proteins
used to speed up
reactions. (catalyst)
specific to the
reactions they
catalyze.
reusable.
Enzymes
 What

effects them and how?
Temperature
• Optimal point, denatures when too hot or cold
usually

pH
• Optimal point, denatures when to acidic or basic
usually

Concentration
• As concentration increases so does reaction rate
What are enzymes?
•
Catalysts used by living
things
•
Catalysts used in all
reactions
•
Chemicals used to increase
activation energy
•
Fats used by living things to
help speed up chemical
reactions
How does an enzyme affect a
chemical reaction?
•
It increases the amount of
product formed
•
It decreases the amount of
product formed
•
It increases the activation
energy
•
It decreases the activation
energy.
One enzyme can facilitate the
reaction of many substrate
molecules. Why does an enzyme
have this ability?
•
Enzymes are super charged.
•
Enzymes are reusable.
•
Enzymes are made from proteins.
•
Enzymes are disassociated.
The graph shows that temperature
•
Has no affect on enzyme activity
•
Has an optimum where the
enzyme works best
•
Can denature the enzyme
•
Both B and C are correct
The Cell Theory States That all Living
Organisms Are:
• Made of one or more cells
• Cells are the basic unit of structure and
function
• Cell come only from pre-existing cells
Cells
Structure
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Function
Cells
Structure
Function
1
Cell Wall
Extra Support
2
Cell
Homeostasis
Membrane
3
Nucleus
Controls All
Cell Activities
4
Chloroplast
Makes Food
5
Mitochondria
Makes Energy
6
Vacuoles
Stores
Materials
7
Ribosome
Makes Proteins
Kind of Cell?
Plants vs. Animal

Plant
 Cell Wall
 Chloroplasts
 Large vacuoles

Animal
 Centrioles
 Lysosomes
Prokaryotic Vs.

No nucleus or
membrane bound
organelles






Eukaryotic

Nucleus and
membrane bound
organelles

Cell wall
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Flagella/cilia
Chromatin
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Flagella/cilia




Hierarchy of Cell Organization
 Organic
compounds
 Organelles
 Cells
 Tissues
 Organs
 Organ systems
Cell Communication
Cells communicate in a variety
of ways…..

Direct contact through cytoplasmic bridges
between the cells


They share cytoplasm and its contents
Chemical signals



Chemical signals are released from one cell and
travel to another cell
These signals influence the activity of the second cell
Examples include hormones and neurotransmitters.
The mitochondrion of the
cell:
A. Has only one membrane
B. Has no membrane
C. Is circular
D. Is where cellular respiration
occurs
Ribosomes:
A. Are the site of protein
synthesis
B. Are made by other
ribosomes
C. Have their own DNA
D. None of the above
A(n) ________ is a group of
different tissues that work
together to perform a certain
function.
A. Organ system
B. Organ
C. Cell
D. Organelle
Structures that support and
give shape to plant cells are:
A. Microbodies
B. Golgi bodies
C. Nucleus
D. Cell walls
Which of the following is
part of the cell theory? All
cells:
A. Are eukaryotic
B. Are prokaryotic
C. Have nuclei
D. Come from other cells
The storage of hereditary
information in a eukaryotic
cell is in the:
A. Cytoplasm
B. Nucleus
C. Centrioles
D. Lysosomes