Transcript Chapter 4 Eukaryotic Cell

Chapter 4
Eukaryotic Cell
• Cilia – filamentous structures on the
surface of the cell. They are short and
numerous.
• Flagella – filamentous structures. They are
long and few.
• Help the cell to move
• Cell walls
• Plant cells have cellulose cell wall.
• Fungi have chitin cell wall.
• Animal cells have no cell walls.
• They have glycocalyx (sugar coat) made
up of carbohydrates. Protects the cell.
• Plasma membrane – proteins, lipids and
carbohydrates. Encloses the cytoplasm.
• Cytoplasm – cytoskeleton
• Microfilaments, microtubules, intermediate
filaments.
• Cytoskeleton is involved in cytoplasmic
streaming.
• Cytoplasm circulates within the cell such
that the nutrients are distributed
throughout the cell.
DNA – packaged into nucleosomes
Segments of DNA are wrapped around
Histone proteins.
lipids
proteins
Ribosomes
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Free in the cytoplasm
Show up as dots in a micrograph.
Made up of two subunits.
Each subunit is made up of proteins and
ribosomal RNA.
• Eukaryotic cell has 80s ribosomes.
• Larger and denser than prokarytoic
ribosomes.
Proteins and lipids made in the ER
Transported to golgi
Modified - lipid added to protein – lipoprotein
Transported to other parts of the cell
Power house – cellular respiration
DNA
70S ribosomes
Chlorophyll
Photosynthesis
DNA
70S ribosomes
• Lysosomes
• Membrane bound vesicles
• Membrane bags filled with digestive
enzymes.
• White blood cells have a large number of
lysosomes.
• These cells specialize in destroying
microbes.
• Vacuole – cavity surrounded by a
membrane.
• Plant cells have large water vacuoles.
• Leaves and stems more rigid.
• Centrioles – cylindrical
• Made up of proteins
• Flagella and cilia grow out of centriole