Transcript Cells
Cell Types and Cell Structure Prokaryotic • • • • • • • • • • vs. no nucleus no membrane enclosed organelles single chromosome no streaming in the cytoplasm cell division without mitosis simple flagella smaller ribosomes simple cytoskeleton no cellulose in cell walls no histone proteins Eukaryotic • • • • • • • • • • nucleus membrane enclosed organelle chromosomes in pairs streaming in the cytoplasm cell division by mitosis complex flagella larger ribosomes complex cytoskeleton cellulose in cell walls DNA bound to histone proteins Prokaryotic Examples: Bacteria vs. Eukaryotic Examples: Plant cells Animal cells Fungi Protists Plasma membrane 1. Surrounds Cells 2. Protected by cellulose and protein cell wall in plants Plasma Membrane Cytoplasm 1. Fluid (Cytosol) and organelles that make up the inside of the cell Cytoplasm Nucleus 1. Membranous nuclear envelope 2. Chromosomes of DNA and protein (Histones) Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 1. Rough ER - Transport of proteins (roughness is the attached ribosomes) 2. Smooth ER – Processing and transport of lipids Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ribosomes 1. Attached to Rough ER 2. Site of protein synthesis Ribosomes Golgi Apparatus (Golgi body, Golgi complex) 1. Assembly and editing of proteins Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes 1. Contain enzymes that break down and help recycle large proteins in animal cells Lysosomes Mitochondria 1. Powerhouse - site of ATP synthesis Mitochondria Flagella and Cilia 1. Cell surface projections for movement Flagella and Cilia Microtubules and Microfilaments 1. Structural components of the cell (cytoskeleton) in eukaryotes Microtubules and Microfilaments Vacuoles 1. Large central vacuoles in plant cells contain enzymes and pigments in plant cells Vacuoles Chloroplasts 1. Photosynthetic organelles in plant cells, containing the chlorophyll pigments Chloroplasts Comparison: Plant cells Animal cells Large, central vacuole Chloroplasts Rigid cell wall outside of cell membrane No large, central vacuole No chloroplasts No rigid cell wall