Transcript Job - Cloudfront.net

Three Sections of the Cell
2
3
1
Ribosomes
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
ER
Golgi Body
Lysosomes
• All cells take in food,
rid waste, reproduce
• 3 main sections
1) Plasma
membrane
2) Nucleus
3) Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
• Jelly-like
material inside
of the cell
• Most organelles
float within
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Nucleus
Ribosomes
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
ER
Golgi Body
Lysosomes
Cytoplasm
• Jelly-like
material inside
of the cell
• Most organelles
float within
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
The green spheres are chloroplasts located inside a
plant cell… you will see this in our lab activity!
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
ER
Golgi Body
Lysosomes
Cytoplasm
• Jelly-like
material inside of
the cell
• Most organelles
float within
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
ER
Golgi Body
Lysosomes
• Job: Help
dissolve solutes
& move
materials around
inside
•
•
•
•
outside
Aka: Cell Membrane
Job: Allow materials to enter/exit
Composition: Lipids & proteins
Semi-Permeable: only specific materials may
enter and exit through pores & protein channels
• Job: Controls cell
activity
• Inside:
1) Chromatin
• long strands of
DNA
• holds info to
make proteins
2) Nucleolus: makes
ribosomes
• Aka: ER
• Rough ER: Tunnel system that transports
ribosomes and proteins
• Smooth ER: makes fats & breaks down toxins
(no ribosomes)
• Created by nucleolus
• Transported by the rough ER
• Job: make proteins
protein
Amino
acid
Amino
acid
Amino
acid
Amino
acid
Amino
acid
• Created by nucleolus
• Transported by the rough ER
• Job: make proteins
Amino
acid
Amino
acid
• Job: Package and transport proteins out of the cell
• Protein Creation Process Review
1) Nucleolus makes a ribosome
2) Ribosome makes protein & travels through rough
ER
3) Golgi Body packages the protein into a vesicle
and exports them
Golgi Body in action
Vesicle expels the proteins
(blue dots) from the cell
Golgi body is placing proteins (yellow
dots) into protective vesicles
1 minute: Discuss with your neighboor
1) Which organelle builds proteins?
ribosome
2) Stores DNA? Nucleus
3) Produces ribosomes?
Nucleolus
4) Creates fats and breaks down toxins? Smooth ER
5) Packages and releases proteins from a cell?
Golgi body
6) Allows material to enter/exit a cell? Cell membrane
7) Moves molecules around the inside of a cell?
(three acceptable answers) Cytoplasm , Rough ER, Vesicles
1 minute: Discuss with your neighboor
Place the following steps of protein creation in order
from start to finish….
A: Golgi body packages and exports the finished
proteins in a vesicle
B: Ribosomes travel along the rough ER and create
proteins
C: Nucleolus makes ribosomes
D: Ribosomes exit the nucleus
The Answer is….
Place the following steps of protein creation in order
from start to finish….
C: Nucleolus makes ribosomes
D: Ribosomes exit the nucleus
B: Ribosomes travel along the rough ER and create
proteins
A: Golgi body packages and exports the finished
proteins in a vesicle
• “Powerhouse”
• Job: Create ATP (energy
molecule) in a process
called cellular respiration
• “Powerhouse”
• Job: Create ATP (energy
molecule) in a process
called cellular respiration
• Endosymbiosis theory:
once free living
organisms that became
parts of modern cells
– Evidence:
• Own DNA &
ribosomes
• Make proteins
• “Powerhouse”
• Job: Create ATP (energy
molecule) in a process
called cellular respiration
• Endosymbiosis theory:
were once free living
organisms that became
parts of modern cells
– Evidence:
• Own DNA &
Hereinto
is a two
mitochondrion
about to…
split
cells.
ribosomes
• Make proteins
• Replicate
Mitochondria ancestor
The predator cells continue
A large
predator cell
Mitochondria
to
divide,thesplitting apart
devours
The
mitochondria
survive
and
the
mitochondria
mitochondria
continue
divideto divide
Over
time,
the cell
ancestor
and
multiply
The
predator
mitochondria and
divides, splitting
larger
apartcell
thebecome
dependent
on one
mitochondria
another
• Contain digestive
enzymes
• Jobs:
1) Autolysis: Destroy
dying cell
This lysosome is destroying a mitochondrion
• Contain digestive
enzymes
• Jobs:
1) Autolysis: Destroy
dying cell
2) Break down food
Lysosome
(with enzymes inside)
protein
cell
p r ot ein
• Contain digestive
enzymes
• Jobs:
1) Autolysis: Destroy
dying cell
2) Break down food
3) Kill bacteria
Lysosome
(with enzymes inside)
bacteria
white blood cell
• Job:
movement
• Cilia = short
hair-like
extensions
(numerous)
Youare
canthousands
now see the
individual
cilia
There
of cilia
surrounding
this one cell. Lets zoom in for a closer look.
• Job:
movement
• Cilia = short
hair-like
extensions
(numerous)
• Flagella =
long whip-like
extension
(very few)
1
2
3
This cell has 3 flagella
• Job:
movement
• Cilia = short
hair-like
extensions
(numerous)
• Flagella =
long whip-like
extension
(very few)
1
8
2
3
4
5
7
6
This cell has 8
flagella
• Job:
movement
• Cilia = short
hair-like
extensions
(numerous)
• Flagella =
long whip-like
extension
(very few)
Sperm cells have only 1 flagellum
• Job:
movement
• Cilia = short
hair-like
extensions
(numerous)
• Flagella =
long whip-like
extension
(very few)
This sperm cell is about to penetrate
an egg cell.
• Job:
movement
• Cilia = short
hair-like
extensions
(numerous)
• Flagella =
long whip-like
extension
(very few)
The fertilized egg will grow into a fetus
• Job:
movement
• Cilia = short
hair-like
extensions
(numerous)
• Flagella =
long whip-like
extension
(very few)
9 months later…..
• Job:
movement
• Cilia = short
hair-like
extensions
(numerous)
• Flagella =
long whip-like
extension
(very few)
About 14 years later….
• Job:
movement
• Cilia = short
hair-like
extensions
(numerous)
• Flagella =
long whip-like
extension
(very few)
4 years from now (hopefully)…
• Job:
movement
• Cilia = short
hair-like
extensions
(numerous)
• Flagella =
long whip-like
extension
(very few)
• Outermost layer of
plant, fungi, &
bacteria cells
• Job: Adds support
for growth
• Made of tough
cellulose
– Hard to digest
• Witnessed by Robert
Hooke in 1665
Cell membrane
The cell wall is all that remains
in cork
• Job: Perform
photosynthesis
• Chlorophyll molecules
absorb sunlight &
convert water and CO2
into sugars
• Endosymbiosis theory:
were once free living
organisms that became
parts of modern cells
• Evidence:
– Own DNA and ribosomes
– Make proteins
– Replicate chloroplast
• Job: Perform
photosynthesis
• Chlorophyll molecules
absorb sunlight &
convert water and CO2
into sugars
• Endosymbiosis theory:
were once free living
organisms that became
parts of modern cells
• Evidence:
– Own DNA and ribosomes
– Make proteins
– Replicate
Look for them flowing in the
cytoplasm during our lab activity!
Chloroplast ancestor
The predator cells continue
Chloroplast
A
large
predator
cellapart
The
chloroplasts
to
divide,
splitting
The
predator
cell
Oversurvives
time, theand
devours
thetosplitting
continue
divide
the
chloroplasts
divides,
chloroplast
and
divides
chloroplast
ancestor
and
multiply
apart
the
chloroplasts
larger cell become
dependent on one
another
A
B
C
• Job: Stores food, water, waste, color pigments
• Plant cells: Large central vacuole
• Animal cells: Scattered smaller vacuoles
Recap
1) Pick an organelle…any organelle. Describe its function.
2) Name 7 organelles that can be found within the cytoplasm.
3) Describe the pathway that proteins travel from creation to
exportation.
4) List various reasons to help support the theory of
endosymbiosis.
5) Name two organelles that plant cells have and animal cells do
not.
6) Which organelle creates ATP energy for cells?
7) Which organelle converts sunlight into sugar?
8) Which organelle creates ribosomes?
9) Which organelle fuses with the cell membrane to release
proteins?
10)Which molecule holds the information to make a protein?