Transcript Cell membrane – boundary that separates the interior of

Cell membrane – boundary that
separates the interior of the cell
from its surroundings; phospholipid
bilayer, semi-permeable
Cytoplasm – the cytosol (gel like
substance) and organelles; cytosol:
70% of the cell volume, made of
water, salts, and organic molecules
Nuclear membrane – a pair of
membranes that surrounds the
nucleus (DNA), contains pores
Nucleolus – ball-like mass of fibers,
contains the parts that make up
ribosomes
Golgi apparatus – modifies, stores,
and routes proteins and other
chemicals
Rough endoplasmic reticulum – ER
that contains ribosomes – network
of membranes that makes and
transports proteins
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum – ER
that doesn’t contain ribosomes,
builds lipid molecules like hormones
Ribosome – organelles that work as
protein “assembly lines,” clusters of
proteins and nucleic acids that reads
RNA and joins amino acids
Mitochondria – site of cellular
respiration, releases energy from
sugar and uses it to form ATP
Peroxisome – breaks down fatty
acids, contains hydrogen peroxide
that is later changed to water by
catalase
Centriole – involved in the
organization of mitotic spindles and
in the completion of cytokinesis (cell
division)
Lysosome – membrane-bound sacs
that contain digestive enzymes to
break down proteins, nucleic acids,
and polysaccharides; recycling
center; destroys bacteria
Cytoskeleton – network of fibers
that runs throughout cytoplasm and
gives cell shape and stability; fibers
are microtubules and
microfilaments
Vacuole – stores undigested
nutrients, isolates materials that
may be harmful to the cell
Chloroplast – site of photosynthesis
(conversion of light energy into
chemical energy – glucose)
Cell wall – rigid layer of
polysaccharides outside cell
membrane composed mainly of
cellulose (fiber)
Large central vacuole – stores
chemicals like salts, absorbs water,
may contain pigments or poisons