Transcript What the Cell? - Effingham County Schools

Cells! Who wants some?!
Not that type, but this
kind…
A cell is the basic unit of life
Animal Cell
Nucleus
• Control Center
• Contains nearly all DNA – instructions for making
proteins and other important molecules
• Surrounded by nuclear envelope/membrane
– Dotted with nuclear pores = stuff in and out
• Key processes:
Controls metabolism of cell, control
Cell division, proteinsynthesis
Chromosome
• (The Data) … all the directions
• (DNA)
Nucleolus
• Nucleolus – small dense region inside nucleus.
Ribosomes are made here.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Transportation
• Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum (RER)
– Covered in ribosomes (rough)
– Makes and transports proteins,
especially membrane proteins
• Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum (SER)
– Synthesis (make) of membrane
lipids
– Contain enzymes that can
detoxification of drugs – Liver
has lots of SER’s
Notice how the E.R. is
attached to the nucleus
…. Like the ‘hallways’
Smooth and Rough ER
Key process: Transportation of molecules
Ribosomes!
• Protein Factory
• Proteins are assembled on these organelles by
following coded instructions from the nucleus
Key process: Proteinsynthesis
Nuclear
Pores
review!
Nuclear
Envelope
ER
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Golgi Apparatus
• Packaging Center
• Modify, sort, and package proteins and other
materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for
storage or secretion.
Key processes: Packaging and sorting of proteins
http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/ve
siclebudding.html
http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp04/0402002.ht
ml
Mitochondria
• Power House
• Convert chemical energy stored in food to a
form a cell can use (ATP) during the process of
cellular respiration.
• Contain own ‘Mitochondrial DNA’
• Has double membrane
Key process: Cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + O2
H2O +CO2 + ATP
Mitochondria/Chloroplasts (only in
plant cells)
• These two utilize energy from food and the sun respectively and
convert it into energy the cell can use.
Process = support
Cytoskeleton
• Cell Framework
• A network of protein filaments
that helps the cell to maintain its
shape
• Storage Facility
Vacuoles
• Plants have big vacuoles, animal cells many small vacuoles.
• Store materials like water, salts, proteins, and
carbohydrates
• In plants, there is a large vacuole which helps with
maintaining pressure (turgor pressure)
– Allows plant to support heavy
loads like leaves and branches
Lysosome
• Waste Management
• In animal cells ONLY
• Have enzymes used to break down lipids,
carbohydrates, and proteins
• breaking down old organelles – even old cells can be
broken down in a process called autolysis.
• Sometimes called suicide sacs.
Process - Digestion
Cell boundaries aka cell membrane
• Cell membrane regulates what enters/leaves the cell.
Process - Osmosis
2 Layers of phosholipids studded with
proteins = “fluid mosaic model”
http://www.susanahalpine.com/anim/Life/memb.htm
Centrioles
Only in animal cells.
Plays a role during cell division.
Assist in the making of cilia and flagella.
Process – Cell division
Come on baby let’s do the
locomotion……
• Cilia
• Flagella