Transcript Slide 1

Golden Age Chinese Civilizations
 Rebuilding the Imperial Power in the
Sui-Tang Era
 Tang Decline and the Rise of the Song
 Tang and Song Prosperity: The Basis of
a Golden Age
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition
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11 26 Agenda
Objective: Describe the SPICE of Tang and
Song China
• Record HW – Read 13.1 and finish SPICE
Notes for Tang and Song China
• Take 7 Mins to find as many SPICE details
as you can.
• Tang and Song Notes
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Grand Canal
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What and When??????
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China During the Age of Division
The Fall of
the Han led
to a time of
disunity
and
Warlords
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China During the Era of Division, The Sui
Dynasty, and the Tang Dynasty
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Rebuilding the Imperial Edifice in the
Sui-Tang Eras
• Sui Excesses and Collapse
 Reorganized Confucian education
 Scholar-gentry and examination system
reestablished
 Used forced labor used to build Grand Canal,
game parks forests
 Unsuccessful War with Korea and forced labor –
led to Revolts
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Grand Canal
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What purpose does the Canal serve?
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Sui Excesses and Collapse
• Sui Excesses and Collapse
 Canals built across empire
 Attacked Korea
 Grand palace
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Rebuilding the Bureaucracy
• Unity
– New Capital Chang’an
– Aristocracy weakened
– Confucian ideology revised
– Scholar-gentry elite reestablished
– Bureaucracy
– Bureau of Censors
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition
Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition
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Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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The Growing Importance of the
Examination System
• Ministry
of Rites
• Birth,
connections
important
for office
• Think
Mulan
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Confucianism and Buddhism
potential rivals
– Buddhism
had been
central
– Mahayana
Buddhism
popular in era
of turmoil
– Chan (Zen)
Buddhism
common
among elite
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Early Tang support Buddhism
Empress Wu (690-705)
 Endows monasteries
 Tried to make Buddhism the state religion
– 50,000 monasteries by c. 850
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The Anti-Buddhist Backlash
• Confucians in administration
– Support taxation of Buddhist monasteries
– Loss of Labor - Monks could not be conscripted
• Persecution (841-847)
– Monasteries destroyed
– Lands redistributed
• Confucian emerges the central ideology
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The Founding of the Song Dynasty
• 907, last Tang emperor resigns
• Song unable to defeat northern nomads
– Song pay tribute to Liao
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China During the Song Dynasty Era
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China During the
Southern Song Dynasty Era
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Song Politics: Settling for Partial
Restoration
• Scholar-gentry patronized
– Given power over military
•
ideal of the universal man
– qualities of scholar, poet, painter, and
statesman
– Song intellectuals sought answers to all
philosophical and political questions in the
Confucian Classics.
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The Revival of Confucian
Thought
• Libraries established
– Old texts recovered
• Neo-Confucians
– Stress on personal morality
– Hostility to foreign ideas
– Gender, class, age distinctions reinforced
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Song Decline: Attempts at Reform
• Khitan independence encourages others
• Song forced to pay tribute
• Disdain for military elite led to $ spent on
social and cultural pursuits and not military
• attempt reform
– Irrigation projects, $ for mercenary forces,
taxed scholars with regularity.
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Tang and Song Prosperity: The
Basis of a Golden Age
• Canal system
– Built to accommodate population shift
– Yangdi's Grand Canal
 Links North to South
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A New Phase of Commercial Expansion
• Silk routes reopened
– Greater contact with
Buddhist, Islamic
regions
• Sea trade
– Developed by late
Tang, Song
– Junks
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A New Phase of
Commercial
Expansion
• Commerce expands
– Credit
– Deposit shops
– Flying money
• Urban growth
– Changan
 Tang capital
 2 million
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Family and Society in the
Tang-Song Era
•
•
•
•
Great continuity
Marriage brokers(match makers)
Elite women have broader opportunities
Divorce widely available
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The Neo-Confucian Assertion of
Male Dominance
• Neo-Confucians reduce role of women
– Confinement
– Men allowed great freedom
– Men favored in inheritance, divorce
– Women not educated
– Foot binding
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition
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A Glorious Age: Invention and Artistic Creativity
• Influence over neighbors
• Economy stimulated by
advances in farming,
finance
• Explosives
– Used by Song for
armaments
• Compasses, abacus
• Printing with moveable
– type
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Flying
Fire
Crow
Flying Fire Crow
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Gun
powder
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Small Pox vaccine
Porcelain (“China wear”)
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition
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Spinning wheel
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Scholarly Refinement and Artistic
Accomplishment
• Scholar-gentry key
– Change from Buddhist artists
– Secular scenes more common
• Nature a common theme in poetry, art
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http://www.pem.org/sites/yinyuta
ng/
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition
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