Transcript Slide 1

11/19/12 West Africa
Objective: Describe the impact of the spread of
Islam and list 4 locations where the religion
spread other than the Middle East
• Do Now: List 4 locations where Islam spread
between 600-1400 CE
• Middle East Conflict?
• West Africa
• Mali in the News
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Modern States with a Sizable Muslim Population
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Anatolia/Turkey
Spain- Cordoba
West Africa
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India- Turks/Delhi Sultanate
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The Abbasid Empire at Its Peak
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Late Abbasid Eras
• Abbasid empire weakened, 9th-13th centuries
– Extravagance
– Shi’a revolts and assignation attempts
– Succession not secure- led to civil war
– Decline in position of women
 Harems, veil, upper class forces to stay in home, slaves
were more educated- polygamy -
– Nomadic attacks
 Buyaids then Seljuk Turks took Baghdad
• Turks purged Shia and added strength to defend against Egypt
and Byzantines
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Interactive Map Spread of Islam
• http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA
_SHARED_MEDIA_1/history/MHL/WW/int
eractiveMaps/Expansion_of_Islam/Expans
ion_of_Islam.htm
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Baghdad
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Achievements in the Sciences
• Math
–Built on Greek work
• Chemistry
–Experimentation
–Specific weights
• Map making
• Paper making, silk, ceramic pottery
– Captured Chinese who knew how to make paper)
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Did Arab conquerors reach a “natural” limit (I) to expansion due to
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geography?
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Spain- Cordoba
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12th
Century
school of
astronomy
and
chemistry
at
Cordoba
(Spain)
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Early tolerance for Christians, and Hebrews
Lots of interaction and learning
Many Christians adopted culture but not Islam
Tension rose with Crusades and Reconquista
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Christian Crusades
• 1099 Jerusalem is taken (Muslims face political
divisions and are taken by surprise)
–Jews and Muslims are massacred
• Saladin- unites Muslims and retakes lands
–Last of 8 crusades 1291
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Impact Christian Crusades
• Muslim World- little impact
• Europe- hard to say because of interactions with
Muslim Spain
–Weapons damascene swords
–Techniques for building fortifications
–Physicians
–Recovery of Greek learning
–Arabic numerals (Indian numerals)
–Rugs/cloth
–Foods- dates, coffee, yogurt
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The Spread of Islam,
10th-16th Centuries
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Anatolia/Turkey
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Anatolia
• Turks invaded Anatolia the same time as
India
• Sufi missionaries- replaced Christian institutions
• Large conversions 90% by 1500
– Smaller population- but large Turkish settlement
– Destruction of Byzantine society
– Social benefits to conversion
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India- Turks/Delhi Sultanate
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Political Divisions and the First
Muslim Invasions
• First as traders, 8th
century
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Patterns of Conversion
• Converts especially among Buddhists,
lower castes, untouchables
– Also, conversion to escape taxes
• Muslims fleeing Mongols, 13th, 14th
centuries
• High-caste Hindus remain apart
– Muslims also often fail to integrate
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The Coming of Islam to South Asia (India)
• By 1200, Muslims rule much of north, central
• Conflict between two different systems
–Hindu religion v. Muslim monotheism
–Muslim egalitarianism v. Indian caste system
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Early
Islam in
India
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Indian Influences on Islamic
Civilization
• Science, math, medicine, music,
astronomy---ZERO!!!!!
– India influences Arab world!!!!
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Stand-off: The Muslim Presence in India
at the End of the Sultanate Period
• Brahmins v. ulama (Scholars)
– Separate communities
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West Africa
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Trans-Sahara Trade (click for
video)
►Ghana, Mali, and
Songhai were
powerful trading
kingdoms ruled by
monarchs
 Drew upon trade
wealth, slaves
 Like East Africa:
cosmopolitan,
urban, visitors,
Islam
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Peaceful – not
conquest- traders
Mostly Urban
Provided leaders with
legitimacy
Timbuktu – 150
schools/ libraries
Arabic becomes the
language of trade
No Sharia or Islamic
law!!!
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West Africa Mali
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