Transcript UMass Boston Poster vaccine

Vaccines in Emerging Virus
Yen Phan, Prajwal Acharya, Marc Thebaud, Christina Johnson, Julie David
Introduction/Background: Viruses have caused some of
How does vaccines work?
the most dramatic and deadly disease pandemics in human history. A
Interfere in DNA synthesis
Block reverse transcriptase
Block integration fusion of
viral DNA with host DNA
Inhibit uncoating of viruses
•Ex. Measles
highly contagious disease caused by the variola virus, smallpox
plagued mankind since 10,000 BC. In the 20th century alone smallpox
killed between 300-500 million people before its eradication in 1980.
The 1918-1919 “Spanish Flu” pandemic infected roughly one-third of
the world's human population causing an estimated 50-100 million
deaths. In 2009, a novel swine-origin H1N1 strain of influenza A virus
rapidly spread to over 213 countries causing the first declared
pandemic of the 21st century.
Objective/Questions:
The purpose of this project is to
learn and understand the function and mechanism of vaccines and
how does it compare with antibiotics and compare which is better at
treating emerging viruse. Why is vaccine better used to tackle
emerging viruses compare to antibiotics?
What is a vaccine?
A vaccine is a substance that is used to stimulate our immune
system to produce antibodies. It also provides immunity without
actually infecting us with the disease.
How are vaccines created?
Weaken the virus
Inactivate the virus
Part of the virus
Inactivating the toxins
How does vaccines work?
Interfere in DNA synthesis
Block reverse transcriptase
Block integration fusion of viral DNA with host DNA
Inhibit uncoating of viruses
•Ex. Measles
Antibiotics
•Used to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria
•Classified as bactericidal or bacteriostatic
Kill bacteria directly
Prevent cell division
•Narrow-spectrum vs. Broad range
•Most modified chemically from compounds found in nature.
Antibiotics- Mode of Action
Inhibitors of cell wall and membrane functions.
Inhibitors of protein synthesis.
Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis.
Inhibitors of other metabolic
•Ex. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
Vaccine
Both bacteria and virus
Antibiotics
bacteria
Before infection
Taken orally or through injection
After infection
Tablets, capsules, drop, ointments.
Enhance immunity with memory B cell.
Kill bacteria and prevent growth
Specific to type of microbes
Work on many bacteria
Effective
Possible Resistance
Further Questions
•Why can’t we come up with a permanent vaccine for Influenza?
•How can we make vaccine more affordable?
•What are news way to target bacteria?
•that are resistant to antibiotics?