Transcript Slide 1
Carbon can combine in many ways with itself and other elements Four valence electrons Carbon has a central role in the chemistry of living things Carbon can be arranged in many ways Structural Formulas Straight Chain Branched Chain Ring Diamonds Graphite Pencil lead Fullerene Nanotube Carbon is a backbone for many substances Mixtures of Carbon found in foods, paper, cleaning items, etc. Has a specific name: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS - organic means – “of living things” - but can be scientifically created from non-living sources. Hydrocarbon- a compound that contains only elements of hydrogen and carbon Hydrocarbons mix poorly with water ALL Hydrocarbons are flammable Simplest Hydrocarbon is METHANE (CH4) Any type can be a straight chain, branchedchain, or ring. An Isomer – is a compound that has the same chemical formula but different structural formulas. Have different properties Hydrocarbons can also have double and triple bonds Classification of Hydrocarbons are based on the type of bonds they form Single Bonds have a maximum number of hydrogen atoms attached to their carbon chains SATURATED HYDROCARBONS (filled up) Double or Triple bonds have fewer hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS Examples Methane (CH4), Ethane (C2H6), Propane (C3H8) - ane (saturated) Ethene (C2H4), Acetylene (C2H2) - ene or –yne (unsaturated) Substitutions -OH substitution for Hydrogen Hydroxyl group (alcohol) Dissolve well in water High boiling points Ex: Methanol,Ethanol -COOH substitution for Hydrogen Carboxyl group (organic acid) Found in many foods (citric acids) Combining an alcohol and an organic acid will produce an Ester Many have pleasant, fruity smells Polymer – large molecule made of a chain of many smaller molecules (monomers) bonded together. Ex: Plastic – sythetic polymers Carbohydrates 1. Simple: Sugars Ex: Glucose “blood sugar”- C6H12O6, Sucrose – C12H22O11 Complex: Starch (Grains), Cellulose (Plants & Veg.) Proteins 2. Made of smaller chains of Amino Acids (20) Used to build and repair within the body and regulate cell functions Lipids 3. Similar to carbs – provide energy to body Includes Fats (solid at room temperature) and Oils (liquid at room temperature) Also includes cholesterol which builds cell structures Nucleic Acids – 4. Two types: DNA and RNA Sugars - are the building blocks of – Starch/Cellulose Amino Acids - are the building blocks of – Proteins Fatty Acids – are the building blocks of - Lipids Nucleotides – are the building blocks of – Nucleic Acids