Transcript Period 5
2012 8-2 Powerpoints Period 5 Organic Compounds Team 1: Mason, Aldo, Jarrod, Delaney What is an Organic Compound? • A natural compound that contains carbon. Organic Compound Properties Similarities-melting points (low) -boiling points (low) -odor (strong) -electrical conductivity (not very well) -solubility -Don’t dissolve in water Hydrocarbons Anna Walden, Zaira Salas, Cassady Surfleet Cossey P.5 Chemical Formulas of Hydrocarbons -differ in number of carbon and hydrogen atoms in each molecule -chemical formula includes the chemical symbols Properties of Hydrocarbons -mix poorly with water -flammable -used for stoves, heaters, cars, buses, airplanes Hydrocarbons -simplest organic compounds -compound that only contains carbon and hydrogen -propane, butane, gasoline, methane are hydrocarbons Structure of hydrocarbons • (Straight, Branched, or ring shaped) • • Structural Formulas To show how atoms are arranged in the molecules of a compound, chemist use a structural formula. A structural formula shows the kind, number, and arrangement of atoms in a molecule. The Figure below shows the structural formulas for molecules of methane, ethane, and propane. Each dash (---) represents a bond. In methane, each carbon atom is bonded to four hydrogen atoms. In ethane and propane, each carbon atom is bonded to at least one carbon atom as well as to hydrogen atoms. H H C H H By Sarah, Veronica, and Shaina Isomers • Definition: Compounds with the same chemical formulas but are structured differently • Example: C4H10 can be butane or isobutane Double and Triple Bonds • Definition: A double bond is a chemical bond formed when atoms share two pairs of electrons C=C • A triple bond is a chemical bond formed when atoms share three pairs of electrons C≡C Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons By Shey Dorji, Kaitlyn Kimball, and Leah maher Saturated Hydrocarbons • Only single bonds • Ending in –ane • each carbon is saturated or filled up with hydrogen • Has the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible on its carbon chain. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons • Has double or triple bonds with fewer hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom than a saturated hydrocarbon does. • Name ending In ene and – • yne - By Sean McSwain, Sydney McGovern, Daniela Flores, and Aurora Frommelt Group 6 Substituted Hydrocarbons •Substituted hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that have at least one atom of hydrogen replaced by an atom of another element •If just one atom of another element is substituted for a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon, a different compound is created •Carbon can form bonds with elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and the elements in the halogen family •There are different kinds of substituted hydrocarbons like halogen-containing compounds, alcohols, and organic acids Compounds Containing Halogens •Halogen-containing compounds are substituted hydrocarbons that have at least one halogen that replaces a hydrogen •One substituted hydrocarbon containing halogens is Freon ( CCl₂F₂ ) which was used as a cooling liquid in refrigerators and air conditioners, but was banned because it was found to damage the environment •Another compound containing halogens is trichloroethane (C₂H₃Cl₃ ) which, even though it can cause severe health problems, is used in dry-cleaning solutions Alcohols and Organic Acids By Carissa Jackie Rocendo Cammie Alcohols • Each OH is made up of an oxygen atom and a hydrogen atom , is called a hydroxyl group. • An Alcohol is a substituted hydrocarbon that has one or more hydroxyl groups • Most alcohols dissolve well in H2O • They have higher boiling points than hydrocarbons with the same amount of carbons • Alcohol Methanol (CH3OH) is a liquid at room temp. , while the hydrocarbon methane (CH4) is a gas • Methanol(highly toxic) is used to make plastics, its also used to de-ice the airplanes. Alcohol Alcohol Ethanol • When a hydroxyl group is substituted for one hydrogen atom in ethane, the result alcohol is ethanol (C2H5OH). • Ethanol is also added to gasoline to make fuel. • Ethanol is produced naturally by yeast, or bacteria in corn wheat, and barley. • It’s also used in medicine and in alcoholic drinks. • When used for industrial proposes its unsafe to drink, translation: it will kill you b/c poisonous mixtures have been added. • Medicine Organic Acids • • • • Most fruits contain this chemical Organic acid is a substitute for hydrocarbon Organic acids are in many foods Formic acid is the simplest organic acid and is what causes the pain of an ant bite Fruits and ant bites cause this.