Transcript to get Period 1 8

2011 8-2 Powerpoints
Period One
Organic Compounds
Alexandra Costin, Trent
Abbott, Cameron Bratcher
Organic compounds are compounds that contain
carbon
Organic compounds can be found in products
made from living things and materials produced
artificially in laboratories and factories
Part of solid matter of every organism on Earth
Products made from organisms, like paper from
wood from trees
Plastics, fuels, cleaning solutions come from
petroleum or crude oil
Many organic compounds have similar
properties melting points, boiling points, odor,
electrical conductivity, and solubility
Many have low melting points and boiling points,
liquids or gases at room temperature
Organic compounds have strong odors
Do not conduct electrical current
Does not dissolve in water
Hydrocarbons
Bailey Vaskov, Kelly Doherty, Freddy Contreras,
Ben Cummings
Hydrocarbon Introduction
Scientists classify organic compounds into different categories.
The simplest organic compounds are the hydrocarbons. A
hydrocarbon is a compound that contains only the atoms of
hydrogen and carbon.
Methane is the main gas in metro gas. Its used to heat homes.
Propane is used in portable stoves And gas and provides heat for
hot air balloons
Properties of Hydrocarbons
• Like many other organic compounds, hydrocarbons mix poorly with
water. All hydrocarbons are flammable. When they burn they
release a great deal of energy. They are used as fuels for stoves,
heaters, cars, buses, and planes.
Chemical Formula of Hydrocarbons
• Hydrocarbon compounds differ in the number of carbon and
hydrogen atoms in each molecule.
Structures of
Hydrocarbons
By: Liam, Dayton, Katherine
and Reanna
How do they bond?
• Every hydrogen atom forms one bond.
• Sometimes if there are four or more
carbon atoms you can have chains as well
as branches.
Facts About Hydrocarbons.
• They contain only the elements carbon
and hydrogen
• Common hydrocarbons are mathane,
propane, and gasoline
Structural formulas
• A structural formula shows the kind,
number, and arrangement of atoms in a
molecule
• Each carbon atom is bonded to four
hydrogen atoms
• In ethane and propane, each carbon atom
is bonded to at least one carbon atom as
well as to hydrogen atoms
Isomers/Double Bonds and
Triple Bonds
Andy Eppright
David Zamora
Michael Gray
Jamison Johnson
Definitions
 Isomers: compounds
that have the same
chemical formula but
different structural
formula
 Double Bond: two
carbon atoms put
together
Facts
 A molecules of the
isomer, isobutane,
is a branched chain
 Each isomer is a
different substance
with its own
characteristic
properties
• Structural
formulas have
shown only
single bonds. A
carbon atom can
also dash c=c but
a triple bond is
represented with
a dash 3=3
SATURATED HYDROCARBONS
•
A hydrocarbon can be classified according to the types of bonds between its
carbons
•
When a hydrocarbon has its maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible it is
called a saturated hydrocarbon
UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS
•
Hydrocarbons with double or triple bonds have fewer hydrogen atoms for each
carbon atom than a saturated hydrocarbon does
Substituted
Hydrocarbons and
Compounds
Containing Halogens
By
Brittany Lodge
Bev Lincoln
Jonah McNamara
Substituted
Hydrocarbons
☼Hydrocarbons contain only
carbon and hydrogen.
☼ If one atom of another element
is substituted for a hydrogen
atom in a hydrocarbon a
different compound is created.
Substituted
Hydrocarbons
☼In a substituted hydrocarbon
atoms of other elements
replace one or more hydrogen
atoms.
☼Substituted hydrocarbons
include halogen-containing
compounds, alcohols, and
organic acids
Compounds Containing
Halogens
In some substituted hydrocarbons
more than one halogen atoms
replaced the hydrogen atoms. Recall
the Halogen family includes fluorine,
chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
Compounds Containing
Halogens
The compound Freon, is widely used
as a cooling liquid in refrigerators
and air conditioners. But soon Freon
was found to damage the
environment. The use of it as banned
in the United States. Although, a
very hazardous compound that
contains halogens, named
trichlyobroethane, is continued to be
used in dry-cleaning solutions. For it
can cause severe health problems.
Alcohols and Organic
Acids
By Devon Lum
Tru Wells
Yareyci Rivera
Preet Oza
OH Molecule
• Made of an oxygen atom and a
hydrogen atom
• This combination is called a hydroxyl
group
Alcohols
• A substituted hydrocarbon that contains one
or more hydroxyl groups
• Most dissolve well in water
Methanol
• Extremely toxic
• Used to make plastics and fibers
• Also used in solutions that remove ice from
airplanes
Ethanol
• Produced naturally by the action of yeast or
bacteria on the sugar stored in corn, wheat
and barley
• Used in medicines and is found in alcoholic
beverages
Citric Acid
• Makes fruit such as lemons, oranges, and
grapefruits taste a little tart
Organic Acid
• A substituted hydrocarbon that contains one
or more carboxyl groups
• They are in many foods
Carboxyl Groups
• Written as COOH1
Esters and Polymers
By
Emily Threlkel
Jake Maino
Stefanie Sansoucie
Esters
• Ester is a compound
made by chemically
combining an alcohol
and an organic acid
Polymers
• Polymers are large
molecules made of
a chain of many
smaller molecules
bonded together.
• Alcohols, esters
and others can be
linked together to
build polymers
Monomers
• Monomers are
smaller molecules.
• Monomers are made
up of polymers.
• Mono means one