Transcript to get Period 2 8

2011 8-2 Powerpoints
Period Two
by Dana C, Rachel C, and Trevor C
What are organic compounds?
• They are compounds that contain carbon
• Organic means “of living things”
• Organic compounds can be found in products
of living things and in materials produced in
labs and factories
More on organic coMpounds…
• They are part of the solid matter of every
organism
• They are part of products made from
organisms
• Example: Paper from wood of trees
• Petroleum, or crude oil, is what the raw
material of what most manufactured organic
compounds are made of
Properties of organic
compounds
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Low melting and boiling points
Liquid or gas at room temperature
Have strong odors
Don’t conduct electric current
Don’t dissolve in water
Hydrocarbons Team 2
Alex C.
Mikayla F.
Axel D.
Paladin G.
Hydrocarbons
 A hydrocarbon is a compound that contains
only the elements carbon and hydrogen.
Properties of Hydrocarbons
Like many other organic compounds
hydrocarbons mix poorly with water.
 Hydrocarbons are flammable.
 When hydrocarbons burn they release a
great deal of energy.
 Hydrocarbons are used for fuel in stoves.

Chemical Formulas of
Hydrocarbons
• Hydrocarbons compound differ in the number of
carbon and hydrogen atoms in each molecule.
• The simplest hydrocarbon is methane.
• The formula for hydrocarbon is CH4.
• A hydrocarbon with two carbon atoms is ethane.
• Ethane is made up of 2 carbon atoms.
• A hydrocarbon with 3 carbon atoms is propane.
Structure of Hydrocarbons
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The carbon chains in a hydrocarbon may
be straight, branched, or ring-shaped.
If it has 2 or more carbon atoms, the
atoms can form a single line (straight
chain)
Structural Formula

Structural formula shows the kind,
number, and arrangement of atoms in a
molecule.
Isomers-Double Bonds and
Triple Bonds
Team 4’s 8-2 section
Pgs 300-301
By: Emily Fleming, Jacob DeVore, and
Diamond Escobedo
Isomers

Compounds that have the same chemical
formula, but different structural formulas.
C4H10
HHH H
H-C-C-C-C-H
HHHH
Butane^
H H
H
H-C----C-----C-H
|
H-C-H
H
Isobutane^
Isomers (cont)

1.
Each isomer is a different substance
with its own characteristic properties
Butane and isobutane are isomers that
have different melting and boiling
points
Double Bonds and Triple
Bonds
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Two carbon atoms can form a single,
double bond or a triple bond
A carbon atom can also form a single
or double bond with an oxygen atom.
A single bond is represented with a single
line (C-C)
2. A double bond is represented with two
dashes (C=C)
3. A triple bond is represented with three
dashes (C=C)
1.
Substituted Hydrocarbons
and Compounds
containing Halogens
By Alex Maurice, Lydia
Hernandez, Caleb Rabbon,
Trevor Giannini
Substituted Hydrocarbons
A substituted hydrocarbon is when one
atom of another element is substituted for
a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon
 Hydrocarbon: They only contain carbon
hydrogen
 Carbon can form stable bond with oxygen,
nitrogen, and sulfur.
 Substituted Hydrocarbons include
halogen-containing compounds, alcohols
and organic acids.

 If
just one atom of another element is
substituted for a hydrogen atom in a
hydrocarbon, a different compound is created
 In some substances hydrocarbons, on or more
hydrogen atoms replace hydrogen atoms.
Recall that the only halogen family includes
fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
 One
compound Freon was widely
used for refrigeration and air
conditioners. How ever it is a very
hazardous compound that is said to
hurt the environment.
Alcohols and
Organic Acids
By: Aly, Autumn, Brys, and Nolan
Alcohol
• An Alcohol is a substituted hydrocarbon
that contains one or more hydroxyl groups
• Most alcohols dissolve well in water
• They have higher boiling points than
hydrocarbons with a similar number of
carbons
• Methanol is a liquid at room temperature
• Methane is a gas at room temperature
Organic Acids
• An Organic Acid is a substituted
hydrocarbon that contains one or more
carboxyl groups
• The carboxyl group is written as COOH
• Lemons, oranges, and grapefruits are
examples of things that have organic acids
in them
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Methanal
Methane
Vodka
Beer
Whiskey
Rubbing Alcohol
The End
• There is no more slides after this one.
Esters and Polymers
By: Gabi, Campbell, Eric, Ashley, Thomas
Esters
• A compound made by chemically
combining an alcohol and an organic acid.
• Many esters have pleasant fruity
fragrances.
Examples of Esters!
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Bananas!
Strawberries!
Apples!
Pineapples!
Ingredients in medicine including Aspirin,
anesthetic used by dentists.
Polymers
• A polymer a very large molecule that
consists of smaller monomers that are a
linked together in a chain.
• Organic compounds such as alcohols,
esters, and others can be linked together
to build polymers with thousands or even
millions of atoms.
Examples of Polymers
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Wool and cotton fibers.
Silk
Synthetic polymers are made in factories.
Polyester (synthetic polymer)
Plastic (synthetic polymer)