Transcript Ch. 8 Carbon Chemistry

Ch. 8 Carbon Chemistry
Outline for 8-2
Carbon Compounds
Structure of Hydrocarbons
Carbon chains can be straight, branched, or ring
shaped.
Hydrocarbons with 2 or more carbon atoms form
straight chains.
Hydrocarbons with 4 or more carbon atoms form
branched arrangements as well as straight
chains.
Structural Formulas
A structural formula shows the kind, number,
and arrangement of atoms in a molecule.
Each dash represents a bond.
Carbon atoms form 4 bonds and Hydrogen
atoms form 1.
There are NEVER any dangling bonds!!
Structure of Hydrocarbons
An isomer is a compound that has the
same chemical formula, but different
structural formula
Each isomer is a different substance with
its own characteristic properties
Butane- an isomer that is formed in a
straight chain
Isobutane- an isomer that is formed in a
branched chain
Double & Triple Bonds
• Two Carbon atoms can from a double or
•
•
•
triple bond with its self or with other
atoms
Carbon and Oxygen could form a single or
double bond
A double bond is represented by a double
dash (C=C)
A triple bond is represented by a triple dash
TeAm B00MbaSt!c
By, hayley, Emma, and timmer
remzii
I. Esters
• A. a compound made organic acid and
alcohol
• B. smells pleasant and fruitayy
• C. ingredients in medication like aspirin
II. Polymers
• A. very large molecule made of many
smaller molecules or monomers
1. organic
compounds,alchohols,esters,and organic
others
B.Monomers are the smaller molecules that
make up polymers
TEAM 6
Pg.302 substituted hydrocarbons
&Compounds containing halogens
HYDROCARBONS
1 Carbon and 1 Hydrogen
Can form stable bonds with other elements;
Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur and Halogens
If one atom is substituted for a hydrogen, it’s
a substituted hydrocarbon
1)
2)
3)
Compounds Containing Halogens


1) One or more halogens replace hydrogen
atoms.
2) One substance, Freon was widely used as a
coolant, but it was banned when it was found
to damage the environment. This is an example
of compounds containing halogens.
Substituted hydrocarbons
I.
Substituted Hydrocarbons
A. Contain only Hydrogen and Carbon
B. Form stable compounds with halogen family
C. If Hydrogen is substituted, entirely different compound is made
D. A substituted hydrocarbon is when atoms of other elements
replace one or more atom/s.
II. Compounds Containing Halogens
A. In some substituted hydrocarbons, One or more halogen atom
replace hydrogen atoms
B. Some can re very hazardous like “Freon”.
Isomers
A. Compounds that have the
same chemical formula but
different structural formulas.
B. Each isomer is a different
substance with its own
characteristic properties.
• A. In addition to a single bond, carbon can
form a double or triple bond.
• B. carbon can also form a single or double
bond with oxygen. A triple bond is
indicated by a triple dash.
Group India, Emma,
Diego, and Rodolfo
Pages 302/303
Alcohols and Organic Acids
Alcohols
I.
OH can also substitute for
hydrogen
atoms in a hydrocarbon.
A. OH, made of an oxygen atom and a
hydrogen atom, is called a hydroxyl
group.
B. Properties: dissolves well with
water, higher boiling points than
carbohydrates with a similar number of
carbons.
II. Organic Acids
A. An organic acid is a
substituted hydrocarbon that
contains one or more carboxyl
groups.
B. A carboxyl group is written as
COOH
Saturated and
Unsaturated
Hydrocarbons
I. Two classifications of
Hydrocarbons
• A. Saturated hydrocarbons
– l. only make single bonds, it has the maximum
# of
Saturated and unsaturated
hydrocarbons
Team 5
Trevor, Scott, Wesley
Saturated And Unsaturated
Hydrocarbons
• 1. Saturated Hydrocarbons
• A. Hydrocarbons with double bonds
• B. Hydrocarbons with triple bonds
• 2. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
A. Methane, ethane, propane, and butane
• B. Ane is saturated
C. Ene or Yne are unsaturated
Alcohols and Organic Acids
Team 7
Eli Ortiz and
Heather Deaton
I. How acids relate to carbon
and
Hydrocarbons. (Alcohols)
A. Substitute for hydrocarbons
B. dissolves well in water
C. Higher boiling points than
hydrocarbons
D. some are toxic some are non-toxic
II. How acids relate to carbons
and
hydrocarbons. (organic acids)
A. taste tart or sour
B. substituted hydrocarbon
C. you can find them in many foods
Properties of Organic Compounds
• Organic compounds have similar properties in terms of
•
•
•
melting points, boiling points, odor, electrical
conductivity, and solubility.
They are liquids and gases at room temperature.
DO NOT dissolve in water
DO NOT conduct electricity.
Organic Compounds
• Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon.
(This term is used because scientists once thought that organic compounds
could be produced only by living things.)
• Plastics, fuels, cleaning solutions, and many others
•
contain organic compounds.
Generally, anything made of
Hydrocarbons
Quintin, James, and Trevor M
Group 6
Substituted Hydrocarbons
• Hydrocarbons are created from only Hydrogen
•
•
and Carbon.
If just one atom of another element is
substituted for a hydrogen atom in a
hydrocarbon a different compound is created.
In a substituted hydrocarbon atoms of other
elements replace one or more hydrogen atoms
in a hydrocarbon.
Compounds Containing
Halogens
• In some substituted hydrocarbons, one or
more halogen atoms replace hydrogen
atoms.
Freon
• Freon CCl2F2 was
widely use as a
cooling liquid in
refrigerators and air
conditioners.
Saturated and Unsaturated
Hydrocarbons
By
Shannon
Christina
Elizabeth
Skyler
Saturated Hydrocarbons
• It has maximum
number of
hydrogen atoms
on its carbon
chain
• Think of each
carbon
“saturated” or,
filled up with
hydrogens
Unsaturated
Hydrocarbons
u
• Double or triple
bonds have fewer
hydrogen atoms for
each carbon atom
than a saturated
hydrocarbon.
Suffixes
• ane= SATURATED-Examples:
methane, ethane, propane, and
butone
• ene and yne=UNSATURATED
Ethene
• The simplest
unsaturated
hydrocarbons
with 1 double
(C2H4)
• Fruits produce
ethene gas,
helps them ripen
Ethyne
• Simplest
hydrocarbon
with one triple
bond (C2H2)
• Also known as
Acetylene which
is used in
welding
Polymers
and
Esters
By: Joey
Hunter
Sofi
Kaitlyn
Esters
• What is an ester
– A compound made by combining a alcohol
and organic acid
• Smell
– A pleasant fruity smell
• Banana apple and pineapple
• Uses
– Medications
• Local anesthetic (dentists)
Polymers
• What is a polymer?
– A very large molecule made of a chain of
many smaller molecules
• Types
– One polymer
– Monomers
• Smaller molecule
Polymers
• Organic compounds
– Alcohol, esters, and others can be linked
together to build polymers
• Polymers made by living things
– Sheep grow coats of wool
– Cotton fibers come from the seed pods of
cotton plants
– Silkworms make silk
Polymers
– Synthetic polymers are made in factories
– Plastic items are synthetic polymers
– Polyester and nylons are polymers too.
The periodic table of polymers
Group 4 Outline
By:
Jessica Chellsen
Zoe Berkowitz
Pacifica Boege
• What are isomers?
1.Compounds that have the same chemical formula
but different structural formulas are isomers.
2.Each isomer is a different substance with its own
characteristic properties.
• Different Kinds of isomers
1.Butane
a)Is a straight chain
b)Has 4 carbon atoms
c)2. Isobutane
d)Branched chain
e)b) Has 4 carbon atoms
• Double and Triple Bonds
A. Single dash means single bond
B. In addition to forming a single bond, 2
carbon atoms can form a double or a
triple bond.
C. A carbon atom can also form a single
or double bond with an oxygen atom.