Transcript Period 6
2012 8-2 Powerpoints Period 6 Organic Compounds An organic compound is a compound that contains carbon Organic compounds can be living things or objects made by living things Many organic compounds have similar properties in terms of melting points, boiling points, odor, electrical conductivity, and solubility Examples are plastics, fuels, and cleaning solutions 2 Hydrocarbons By: Danielle Fernanda & Erick • Hydrocarbon: a compound that contains only the elements carbon and hydrogen. They are the simplest organic compound, and they mix poorly with water. Fun Facts • Hydrocarbons are flammable • The may be straight, branched or a ring shaped • Their simplest form is methane • Used as fuel for stoves, heaters, cars, buses. And airplanes • Also provide heat for hot air balloons, portable stoves, and gas grills Carbon Atoms • Three carbon atoms= propane • Two carbon atoms= ethane Structures of Hydrocarbons Ian Rabenaldt, Camden Thompson, Lauren Greenlee Forms of Carbon Chains • There are 3 forms of carbon chains • They can be straight if the hydrocarbon has 2 or more carbon atoms • Branched arrangements form in hydrocarbons with 4 or more carbon atoms Structural Formulas • Structural formulas show how atoms are arranged to create compounds. • Structural formulas show the kind, amount, and arrangements of atoms in molecules. • In the formulas, dashes are made to represent bonds. Structural Formulas Cont. • In ethane and propane, carbon atoms are bonded to at least on carbon and one hydrogen atom • Every carbon atom forms four bonds. • Every hydrogen atom forms one bond. • Both ends of a dash are always connected to something. Isomers and Double Bonds Jake Alltucker, Tristen Travalini, Gianna Brencola, and Zach Olds Isomers • They are compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structural formulas. • Isomers are all made of different substances and have different. Isomers Continued • A molecule of some isomers is a straight chain. • Some different types of isomer molecules are a branched chain. • In those 2 types of molecules have atoms that are arranged differently. Double Bonds • 2 Carbon atoms can form double bonds with itself. • A Carbon atom can also form double bonds with an oxygen atom. • Structural formulas represent a double bond with a double dash. Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons By: Victor, Grace, Jose, and Alyssa Hydrocarbons • Hydrocarbons are molecules containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms Saturated Hydrocarbons • Saturated Hydrocarbons only have single bonds, so they have the maximum amount of hydrogen atoms possible Unsaturated Hydrocarbons • Unsaturated Hydrocarbons can have double and triple bonds, so they don’t have the maximum amount of hydrogen atoms possible. Substituted Hydrocarbons and Compounds Containing Halogens Hydrocarbon •A molecule with only Hydrogen and Carbon atoms Carbon bonding • Carbons can form stable bonds with several other elements such as Oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and members of the Halogen family Substituted Hydrocarbon • A Hydrocarbon in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by atoms of other elements Replacing hydrocarbons • In some substituted Hydrocarbons, one or more Halogen atoms replace Hydrogen atoms Alcohols and Organic Acids Lucas Javier Matt Jasmine Substituted Hydrocarbons • Contain only one carbon and hydrogen • Atoms of other elements replace one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon • Substituted hydrocarbons include halogencontaining compounds, alcohols, and organic acids Compounds Containing Halogens • In some substituted hydrocarbons, one or more halogen atoms replace hydrogen atoms • Halogen family includes fluorine, chlorine bromine, and iodine Alcohols • Substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more hydroxyl groups • Hydroxyl group is made from a oxygen and hydrogen atom. • Dissolve well in water Organic Acids • Substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more carboxyl group • Main ingredient of vinegar • Found in apples • Causes the stinging feeling in plants Esters • A compound made by chemically combining an alcohol and an organic acid • Have pleasant, fruity smells • Responsible for the smells of pineapples, bananas, strawberries, and apples ESTERS AND POLYMERS By Kyle, Chris, and Percy Esters • Esters are made by combining an alcohol and an organic acid. • Esters smell like fruit. • Esters are found in pineapples, bananas, strawberries, and apples. • Esters are also used in medicine such as aspirin, and anesthetic. Polymers • Polymers are long chains of many smaller molecules (monomers). • Monomers are single molecules. • The prefix poly means many and the prefix mono means one. • Polymers can be made of organic compounds such as alcohols, and esters. Natural and Synthetic Polymers • Natural polymers occur in many things like wool, cotton, and silk. • Some common synthetic polymers are polyester, nylon, and plastic.