Transcript ppp - IT, Sligo

Bioremediation of marine
environment contaminated with
petroleum hydrocarbon
Richard Mannion
Martin Casserly
Martin Gallagher
Contents
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What is bioremediation
What is petroleum hydrocarbons?
Environmental factors
Fate of contaminant
Chemical composition of petroleum
hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbon degrading microbes
Biodegradation of hydrocarbon components
Factors that determine cost of oil spill
2 approaches to oil spill bioremediation
What is bioremediation?
• Bioremediation is defined as the act of
adding or improving the availability of
materials (e.g., nutrients, micro organisms,
or oxygen) to contaminated environments
to cause an acceleration of natural
biodegradative processes.
What are petroleum hydrocarbons?
• Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) are a
term used to describe a large family of
several hundred chemical compounds that
originally come from crude oil.
• TPH is a mixture of chemicals, but they
are all made mainly from hydrogen and
carbon, called hydrocarbons.
Environmental factors
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Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Water
Fate of contaminant
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Toxicity
Sorption
Volatilisation
Tempeture
Spreading
Dispersion
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Emulsification
Photo oxidation
Concentration
Solubility
Soil sediment
Chemical composition of petroleum
hydrocarbons
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Saturated hydrocarbons
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Resins
Asphaltines
Hydrocarbon degrading microbes
• Degrading microbes
Microorganisms capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbons
Bacteria
Yeast and Fungi
Achromobacter
Acinetobacter
Alcaligenes
Anthrobacter
Bacillus
Brevibacterium
Cornybacterium
Flavobacterium
Nocardia
Pseudimonas
Vibro
Aspergillus
Candida
Cladosporium
Penicillium
Rhodotorula
Sporobolomyces
Candida
Trichoderma
Biodegradation of hydrocarbon
components
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Saturated hydrocarbons
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Resins
asphaltines
Factors determining cost of oil spill
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Type of oil spilled
Amount spilled
Pattern of spillage
Location
Clean up response
Termination of clean up
Two approaches to oil spill
bioremediation
• Bioaugmentation
• Biostimulation
• Water soluble
nutrients
• Granular nutrients
( slow release)
• Oleophilic nutrients