Transcript SSWH9 - cloudfront.net

SSWH9
THE STUDENT WILL ANALYZE CHANGE AND CONTINUITY IN THE
RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION.
RENAISSANCE:

1300-1600

Means “rebirth” in Classical learning & arts (Greeks &
Romans)

Transition from medieval times to early modern world

Began in Florence, Italy
1. center of Roman Empire (art & architecture)
2. encouraged trade with Muslim world
3. large merchant class
MEDICI FAMILY:

Lived in Florence

Ran government

Patrons (financial
supporter) of the arts

Helped to support
poets, artists,
architects, scientists
HUMANISM:
•
Intellectual movement
that focused on
studying Greek and
Roman Classics in order
to better understand
the world
•
Petrarch
Poet and scholar who
is called the “Father
of Humanism”
Organized a library of
Greek & Roman
works.
RENAISSANCE WRITERS:

Wrote about curiosity &
interests in humans

Focused on philosophy,
humanism, literature, men &
women achieving success

DANTE:
* The Divine Comedy
*Journey through hell &
purgatory
*Summarizes Christian ethics;
shows how people’s actions in
life determine their fate in
afterlife
RENAISSANCE WRITERS:

ERASMUS:

Humanist writer who
encouraged people to be
open-minded and show
good will toward others.

Encouraged the Bible to be
translated from Latin into
the vernacular (language
of the people)

Disturbed by corruption in
Catholic Church
RENAISSANCE WRITERS:

Machiavelli
 The Prince
 Describes how a ruler
can gain & retain
power through both
honesty & deception
 The end justifies the
means: use whatever
means necessary to
achieve goals
 Being feared is more
important than being
loved if a leader has
to choose between
the two.
PAGE 417
RENAISSANCE ART &
ARCHITECTURE:
RENAISSANCE ART:

Realistic- based off ancient
Greco-Roman influences

Subjects

famous & wealthy
individuals who
commissioned (paid for)
paintings/sculptures

Christian stories and
individuals

Greek & Roman subjects
LEONARDO DA VINCI:

Sketched nature & dissected corpses

Paintings filled with realism

Considered the “Renaissance Man”
(painter, sculptor, engineer, architect);
expert at many things
MONA LISA
THE LAST SUPPER:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tfL5f6cZlk8&ytsession=RvUZ2_2FbFsg5X5opAif
Q4DKBZgxPt3ql9mZ7nu0JdMPfekPtJ4Hq5UKgdze9zlBv0qkShCGkrj7OhatMQK1vQ38bzw4I6waLSz
hJlmJJ-1MAeh8MXOZ1mb786ndfjVDkViop2SI_E_oMSqKXkSX6CiwyFCCnEJNmnCzb0tga7EBrdpigKNVHe57o9PO1PJrQtG1jbui
cmaMZ0o-mJSd8BYffcU7iJjkjuVl1Jn289eJ_0g5j_z87yd6NE2A2CSpRH4u5zB1mrALdhMP_cRCQtOPyGzX4xslxxX
UQlqI2yF_NSCzObmuzJQ3WmjfdTMv_Rp7WO-Y
MICHELANGELO:

Sculptor, painter, engineer,
architect, poet

Created the state of David

Painted the ceiling of the Sistine
Chapel (4 years to complete)

Designed St. Peter’s Cathedral
(Rome)
ST. PETER’S CATHEDRAL:
RENAISSANCE IDEAS SPREAD:

Johann Gutenberg invented the
printing press

Printed the first complete edition
of the Bible with moveable type

Many changes:
1. printed books were
cheaper/easier to produce
2. more books available
3. more people learned to read
4. new ideas & places
LEGACY OF THE RENAISSANCE:
 Church
 After
not as powerful
the spread of books, people began
questioning things (religion, politics, social
structures)
REFORMATION:

1500’s: religious movement that affected Christians at all levels of
society

Church was abusing its power:
*competed with kings for political power
*led lavish lives
*increased fees for services
*indulgences

Erasmus & other Christian Humanists began
to push for reform (changes)
MARTIN LUTHER:

1517: German monk &
professor that started the
Protestant Reformation

95 Theses

Luther’s criticisms of the
Church

Nailed them to the door
of the Church that he
was pastor at in
Germany

Spread quickly
LUTHER’S
TEACHINGS:
•
Indulgences were not found in
the bible
•
Pope had no authority to
release souls from purgatory
•
Christians could be saved only
through faith
•
Church could only be
reformed by a non-Church
authority
•
Bible is the only source of
truth; people can read &
interpret Bible themselves
•
Is excommunicated
* Luther popular b/c society is unhappy
Protestants
* Christian group formed by supporters of
Luther; Based off of Luther’s teachings
HTTP://WWW.HISTORY.COM/TOPICS/MARTIN-LUTHER-AND-THE-95THESES/VIDEOS#MARTIN-LUTHER-SPARKS-A-REVOLUTION
JOHN CALVIN:
 Church
Reformer who lived in Switzerland
 Predestination
 Belief
that salvation was determined by
God before a person was born
 Calvinism
CATHOLIC/COUNTER
REFORMATION:

1530S-1540S: Pope wants to revive the authority of the
Church; wants to end corruption in the Church also

Council of Trent (1545):
*20 years
*reaffirmed traditional Catholic views
*salvation through faith & good works
*Bible not the only source
*indulgences valid, unless sold for wrong reasons
JESUITS:

Means “Society of Jesus”

Group of crusaders that
defended and spread
Catholic faith

Set up schools

Converts & missions

Stop Protestantism
LEGACY OF CATHOLIC
REFORMATION:

Majority of people remained Catholic

Church abuses were reduced

However, Protestantism began to spread throughout
Europe

Still divides Europe on different interpretations of
Christianity
CHRISTIANITY
1054:
Great Schism
Baptist
Eastern
Orthodox
Episcopal
Presbyterian
Roman
Catholic
1517: Protestant
Reformation
Methodist
Church of
Christ
Church of
God
Lutheranism
Calvinism
ENGLISH REFORMATION:
 Henry
VIII
 King
of England
 Wanted a divorce from his first wife
because she had not given birth to a son
Only
sons could inherit the throne
Without a son, England would be in chaos after
Henry’s death
 Since
England was Catholic, only the Pope
could grant a divorce
The
Pope said no.
Henry VIII decided to make himself the
head of the Church of England instead
of the Pope.
Beheaded
Divorced
Died
Beheaded
Divorced
Survived
https://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=wQIqma8jeyM
ELIZABETH
 Elizabeth
I
 Henry
VIII’s
daughter
 Made the Church
of England
Anglican
Compromise
between
Protestant and
Catholic