Transcript Chapter 17

European Renaissance &
Reformation
 The
Renaissance was a rebirth of the Greco-Roman
culture
Florence, Venice, and Genoa
 Had access to trade routes connecting Europe with
Middle Eastern markets
 Served as trading centers for the distribution of
goods to northern Europe
 Were initially independent city-states governed as
republics
 Medieval
art and literature focused on the
Church and salvation, while Renaissance art
and literature focused on individuals and
worldly matters, along with Christianity.
Artistic and literary creativity
 Leonardo da Vinci: Mona Lisa and The Last Supper
 Michelangelo: Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and
David
 Petrarch: Sonnets, humanist scholarship
Humanism
 Celebrated the individual
 Stimulated the study of classical Greek and Roman
literature and culture
 Supported by wealthy patrons
Northern Renaissance
 Growing wealth in Northern Europe supported
Renaissance ideas.
 Northern Renaissance thinkers merged humanist
ideas with Christianity.
 The movable type printing press and the production
and sale of books (e.g., Gutenberg Bible) helped
disseminate ideas.
Northern Renaissance writers
 Erasmus: The Praise of Folly (1511)
 Sir Thomas More: Utopia (1516)
 Northern Renaissance artists portrayed religious and
secular subjects.
Machiavelli’s The Prince
 An early modern treatise on government
 Supports absolute power of the ruler
 Maintains that the end justifies the means
 Advises that one should not only do good if
possible, but do evil when necessary
 Galileo
1.
Martin Luther became the 1st person to
challenge the authority of the Catholic Church
when he nailed his 95 Theses to the Church’s
door.
2.
He began what became known as the
Protestant Reformation.
3.
The Catholic Church began a reformation
movement of their own known as the Catholic
or Counter Reformation.
4.
The Reformation movement spread to England
where the Anglican Church was formed.
5.
These factions in Christianity sparked many
wars in Europe, including the Thirty Years’ War.
1.
By the early 1500s, many people began to question
the authority of the church. Many people said they
had become corrupt and greedy.
2.
The movement against the Roman Catholic Church
began with Martin Luther.
3.
His biggest complaint was how the Church was
selling indulgences (forgiveness of sins).
4.
By 1524, most people in Germany had left the
Catholic Church and joined the Lutheran Church—
created by Luther.
5.
With religious conflict spreading throughout
Germany, the Peace of Augsburg was signed in 1555.
This allowed the German prince to decide whether
German citizens should be Catholic or Lutheran.
1.
Martin Luther ideas became known as the
Protestant Reformation.
2.
Other Protestant churches to form included the
Calvinists in France and the Anglicans in
England.
3.
While the Protestants formed new churches,
Catholic reformers worked to improve their
church. (Counter/Catholic Reformation)
4.
Between 1545-1563, the Council of Trent
reformed many Roman Catholic practices.
5.
Despite the efforts of the Council of Trent,
England still had a reformation of their own.
1.
King Henry VIII’s wife
was unable to bore him
a son. As a result he
wanted the Pope to
annul his marriage. The
Pope refused so King
Henry removed him from
head of the Church of
England.
2.
As a result, the Anglican
Church was formed.
3.
By the late 1500s,
Elizabeth I of England
allowed for both
Protestants & Catholics.
1.
In 1598, France issued the Edict of Nantes which
allowed for the Catholics and Huguenots to both
practice their form of Christianity.
2.
Despite efforts to allow for both Protestant and
Catholic religions to exist in Europe, many wars
were fought. The English fought with the
Spanish, the German city-states fought the
Thirty Years War, and in France, a Civil war was
fought between the Huguenots and Catholics.
3.
After the Thirty Years’ War, no more wars were
fought over religion in Europe. Instead, nations
tried to gain power through trade and expansion
overseas.
4.
Thus began the Age of Exploration.