Transcript The Protestant Reformation

Bellringer
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Find your new seat using the seating chart
On your own piece of paper, write down the
QUESTIONS and the ANSWERS to the
following without your notes:
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Name three corruptions of the Medieval Church.
What is an indulgence?
Who was Martin Luther and what did he post?
What is the major belief of Lutheranism?
What is the major belief of Calvinism?
Bad Joke of the Day: Why can’t you keep
secrets in a bank?
The Protestant Reformation
The Reformation in Germany
 1st: Germany
had been part of the Holy
Roman Empire (Catholic), however, after
the Reformation began Princes in
Northern Germany converted to
Protestantism, ending the authority of the
Pope in their states.
◦ 1529: some princes who had remained loyal
to the pope decided to join Martin Luther’s
movement
◦ The Princes who protested the Catholic Church
became known as Protestants
◦ Eventually the term Protestant was applied to
Christians who belonged to non-Catholic
Churches
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2nd: Fighting broke out over which religion
should be the main religion in Germany.
Eventually the Lutherans and Catholics
signed a peace agreement, the Peace of
Augsburg. However, they remained
suspicious of each other and of the French
Calvinists.
 3rd: In
1618 the Holy Roman Emperor
Ferdinand III who was a member of the
Hapsburg family attempted to close some
Protestant Churches. A revolt occurred
and the Thirty Year War broke out.
The Thirty Year War (1618-1648)
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The Thirty Year War was a conflict over
religion, territory, and for power among
European ruling families.
2 Phases of the War
1.
Hapsburg Family (Catholics) was winning
◦ The Hapsburgs were a very wealthy ruling
family. For years the head of the Hapsburg
family became the German king and Holy
Roman Emperor. They were Catholic.
2. Hapsburg Family (Catholics) was defeated
 The French began to fear that the
Hapsburgs were gaining too much power so
the French got involved. Cardinal Richelieu,
a French man, dominated the remaining
years of the war. Richelieu was a Catholic,
but he feared the Hapsburgs were gaining
too much power, so he decided to help the
Protestants. Richelieu, a French Catholic
sent troops to help defeat the Hapsburgs.
Huh? What’s wrong with this
picture?
**IMPORTANT**
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Because Cardinal Richelieu went against
his religion of Catholicism, he changed the
war from a religious war (Protestant vs.
Catholics) to a political war (Hapsburg
ruling family vs. the French nobility)
Peace of Westphalia
Ended the 30 Year War
 Results:
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◦ 4 million died, trade and agriculture was
disrupted and Germany’s economy was ruined
 1st: Weakened the Hapsburg states of Spain and
Austria
 2nd: Strengthened France by awarding it German
territory
 3rd: Ended Religious Wars in Europe
Bellringer
Go over anything you might need last
minute, INCLUDING the parts of a
Compare/Contrast Essay
 Have out on your desk a No. 2 pencil and
2 blank pieces of paper.
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Bad Joke of the Day: Why were screams
coming from the kitchen?
Bellringer
Complete the daily quiz using your
homework and your brain ONLY.
 Have your homework out on your desk
so I can check it—you have until I finish
checking homework to complete it.
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Bad Joke of the Day: Why were screams
coming from the kitchen?
Reformation in England
 1st: Anglican
Church became the national
church throughout England under
Elizabeth I
◦ Henry: Catholic turned Protestant
◦ Edward: Protestants gained power
◦ Mary: Catholic, killed many Protestants
(Bloody Mary)
◦ Elizabeth: Protestant (Anglican) but fair to
Catholics
 2nd: The
Reformation contributed to the
rise of Capitalism
◦ Capitalism is a social system based on the
principle of individual rights and private
ownership and the investment of money into
businesses to make a profit. (No more
overpowering Catholic Church)
 Free individual business
 Wages are paid for labor
 Rise of banks
The Reformation in France
 1st: The
Catholic Monarchy granted
Protestant Huguenots (Calvinists)
freedom of worship under the Edict of
Nantes (later revoked). It granted
Protestants rights in a Catholic nation.
 2nd: France was involved in the 30 Year
War. Cardinal Richelieu changed the war
from religious to political.
Catholic Counter Reformation
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The Catholic Church mounted a series of
reforms and reasserted its authority
◦ Society of Jesus (The Jesuits) was founded to
spread Catholic doctrine around the world.
The society consisted of clergy committed to
educating people about Catholicism and
conduct missionary work.
The Inquisition was established to reinforce
Catholic doctrine. During the Inquisition
Catholics would seek out and punish people
for going against the Catholic church.
(Heresy)
 Council of Trent-tried to fix problemsdecided Martin Luther was wrong and that
Christians needed both faith and good
works, not just faith to get to heaven. False
indulgences should be banned and the
church’s interpretation of the Bible was the
only one allowed.
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How the Reformation and the
Counter Reformation Changed
Cultural Values and Traditions
Growth of Secularism: the exclusion of
religion and supernatural beliefs (lives no
longer revolved around the church)
 Growth of Individualism: being yourself
and not what the church wants
 Growth of Religious Tolerance: religious
freedom to people of all religions
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Role of the Printing Press
Growth of literacy
 Bible printed in English, French, and
German
 Spreading the Renaissance and
Reformation ideas
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