Transcript Renaissance - Cloudfront.net

Renaissance
What was the Renaissance?
 Renaissance=Rebirth, start of modern era (14001600 C.E.)
 Starts in Northern Italy, center of trade routes
 Patrons: wealthy supporters of arts
 Medici family: bankers in Florence, controlled
politics (1400’s-1700’s)
 Humanities: subjects about humankind/culture,
not science (Stressed Greek/Roman learning)
 Humanists:
1. Live life as fully as possible
2. Individuals are unique
3. Develop athletics, academics and arts
4. Participate in politics
 Niccolo Machiavelli: (1469-1527) Florentine
diplomat, wrote The Prince: ends justify means
 Women educated to operate household and
entertain
 Rare exception Isabella d’Este
 1450’s printing press invented (Johann
Gutenberg, German):
 Books cheaper to produce:
 Increased access to books
 Increased literacy
 Erasmus, Desiderius: (born 1466 in Holland)
The Praise of Folly: criticized greed of Roman
Catholic Church
What effects did the Renaissance have on
art?
 Renaissance art stresses uniqueness of
individual
 Moved towards realism, used proper
perspective
 Italy 1400’s:
1. Raphael: religion mixed with humanism; life like
Madonna, not angelic
2. Michelangelo: sculptor/painter; Painted ceiling of
Sistine Chapel with frescoes
3. Leonardo da Vinci: painter/inventor; The Last
Supper and Mona Lisa
 Netherlands center of northern painting:
1. Rembrandt: play of light and shadow
2. Breughel: landscapes
 Cervantes: born 1547 in Spain, Don Quixote:
mocks medieval codes of chivalry
 William Shakespeare: born 1564 in England,
Romeo and Juliet: explored human behavior
and emotions
Reformation
What caused the Reformation?
 People complained about:
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Roman Catholic Church increasing taxes
Italian control of Church
Church focused on acquiring land and wealth
Selling of indulgences (Church pardons)
 Reformation: movement to change Church,
lead by Protestants
 Martin Luther (1483): German monk nailed 95
theses to door of Wittenberg Church
 People should interpret Bible for themselves
 Catholic Church should stop selling indulgences
 1530 Augsburg Confession: German princes
supported Lutheranism to gain power and
church land
 1555 Peace of Augsburg: allowed princes to
decide religion practiced on their land
 John Calvin (Calvinism): 1536 French scholar set
up religious state in Geneva, Switzerland
 Predestination: people chosen by God before birth
for salvation
 Henry VIII removed England from Pope’s power to
divorce Catherine of Aragon
 1534 Act or Supremacy: made King head of Church
of England (Anglican Church)
 Seized Catholic Church land, persecuted Catholics
 1553 Mary I (Catholic): “Bloody Mary”—
killed/persecuted Protestants
 1558 Elizabeth I returned England to Protestantism
 1571 Parliament approved Church of England
Counter Reformation (Catholic Reformation):
 1545 Council of Trent:
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Only Church could explain Bible
Pope highest authority
Banned sale of indulgences
Established seminaries
 Inquisition: Catholic Church courts
killed/persecuted Protestants
Outcomes of the Reformation:
1. Divided Europe (North=Protestant,
South=Catholic)
2. Weakened strength of Church in
politics
3. Spread education/literacy
4. Strengthened middle class: stressed
Protestant work ethic