Transcript Neolithic Revolution

Neolithic Revolution
• Period in early history that
marked the end of the Ice Age.
• People stopped being nomadic
and started farming and
developing civilizations.
Hammurabi’s Code
• Set of laws used in
Mesopotamia that were
based off the concept “an
eye for an eye”
Caste System
• A way to keep order in society
(hierarchy)
• Used in Indus River Valley and
became the basis for Hinduism
• Based on concepts of reincarnation
and karma
China
• This civilization was the most
isolated, but eventually became
connected to other empires
through the Silk Road.
Sparta
• A war-like society that
focused on military
achievements and rule by
an oligarchy
Persian Wars
• A series of wars between the
Greek city-states and the empire
of Xerxes I.
• Although the Greeks lost a lot of
men, it led to the unity of Greece.
Hellenistic
• The combination of Greek and
Middle Eastern cultures.
• Started by Alexander the Great
Julius Caesar
• leader of the Roman Republic
who restored public works,
gave jobs to the poor and
modified the Roman calendar
Quran
•Sacred text of Islam
Byzantine
• The empire that practiced Eastern
Orthodox Christianity
• They combined with the Holy
Roman Empire to fight for
Christianity during the Crusades
Feudalism
• A system of government based
on land ownership
• Each level contributed to
society…… mutual aide was
key!!!
Aztec
• The fall of this empire
happened after the arrival
of the Spanish (specifically,
Cortes)
Jerusalem
• Considered the “Holy Land” by
both Christians and Muslims
• The Crusades was fought over
control of this city
Joan of Arc
• A main reason for the
French victory in the
Hundred Years War was
because of their leadership
and strategies
The Catholic Church
• Source of all political and
religious power during the
Middle Ages
• Their power will eventually
decline during the
Reformation period
Inquisition
•The Catholic Church
used this to
torture/interrogate
heretics
Classicism
•Rediscovery of Greek
and Roman ideas during
the Renaissance
Humanism
• Renaissance value that
emphasized the dignity and
worth of the individual
Secular
• Renaissance value that
focused on worldly, rather
than religious, ideas
• Separation of Church and State
Machiavelli
• Renaissance author who advised
kings on how to rule
• In his book, he argued it was
better for leaders to be feared
than loved
Printing Press
• Improved literacy and
education during the
Renaissance
• Led to the spread of
Enlightenment and
Reformation ideas
95 Theses
• Martin Luther’s published list
of complaints against the
church, included abuses of
power and use of indulgences
Anglican
• A form of Protestantism
that allowed the monarch
to be head of the church
Catholic Reformation
• The Catholic Church created this
in order to compete with
Protestant’s increasing popularity
• Declared an end to indulgences,
but increased the inquisition and
censorship
European Exploration
• Caused by the quest for
land, resources, and people
to convert to Christianity
Triangular Trade
• Allowed Europeans to increase
their own wealth and influence
• Started the trade of goods,
disease, slaves, and animals
between Africa, Europe, and the
Americas
Heliocentric Theory
• New scientific belief that
stated the sun was the center
of the universe
• Directly conflicted with church
teachings
Scientific Revolution
• Led to the creation of the
Scientific Method, Newton’s
Laws of Gravity, and advanced
technology
Absolute Monarchy
• Type of government that granted the
exclusive right to rule to the
king/queen
• Rule was supported by the idea of
divine right
• During the Renaissance, it was used
by France (Louis XIV), Russia (Peter
the Great), England (Elizabeth I), and
Spain (Phillip II)
Enlightenment
• Period of history where people
began to use reason and logic
to question leadership;
inspired people to challenge
authority
Montesquieu
• Enlightenment philosopher
that advocated the separation
of the government into
multiple branches in order to
spread power
John Locke
• Enlightenment philosopher that
advocated “inalienable rights”
• Said that people had the right to
change the government if their
“inalienable rights” were abused
Rousseau
• Enlightenment philosopher that
believed people were naturally
good; therefore, they should be
free and have a say in the
government
Florence
• City in Italy that was the
birthplace of the Renaissance
Buddhism
• Technically considered a
“philosophy,” started by
Siddhartha Gautama in the Indus
River Valley.
• Beliefs include reincarnation,
karma, meditation, and dieting
Judaism
• Founded by Abraham
(prophet)
• Uses the Torah as their sacred
text
• First major monotheistic
religion