Transcript Science TAKS Review

Science TAKS
Review
I want plants to grow faster
• Independent Variable –
– the thing
I change
• Water plants different amounts
• Control / constant –
• Do not change- all plants in same location, get same
amount of dirt and sunlight. Etc…
• Dependent Variable –
• Did the plants grow any faster with change in water
2 types of cells
• Prokaryote
– no nucleus
• Kingdoms:
Eubacteria and
Archaebacteria
• Eukaryote
- have nucleus
• Kingdoms: Plant,
Animal, Protista &
Fungi
Cell Structures and Functions
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Cell Membrane - barrier
Nucleus – DNA
Cytoplasm- “blood” of cell
Ribosome- protein maker
Mitochondria- energy maker
Chloroplast- make sugar and O2
Cellular Processes
• Homeostasis – balance or same
–Water
–temperature
–blood pressure
Permeability
• Diffusion - movement from high concentration
to low concentration
• Osmosis – movement of water
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
Nitrogen bases
(Thymine, Adenine,
Guanine, Cytosine)
determines the
inherited traits.
AT
GC
DNA Replication
One strand of
DNA reproduces
to make two
strands so the
cell can
reproduce.
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) 11th
• Transcription A U GC
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) 11th
• Translation
Amino
acids are
linked
together to
make a
protein.
3 bases
needed for
1 codon
Six Kingdoms of Life
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Archaebacteria – Extreme bacteria
Eubacteria – Bacteria
Protista – Amoebas, paramecium
Fungi – Mushrooms, molds, yeast
Plantae – Trees
Animalia – Mammals—uhhhh people
Single cell
• Bacteria
• Protista – little
guys you look at
under microscope
vs.
Multi-cell
• Fungi – mushroom
• Plant
• Animal
Heterotroph vs.
-eat something
Autotroph
-make own food
• Animalia
• Fungi
• Plantae
BOTH
Bacteria
Protista
Body Systems
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Circulatory – heart / blood - Oxygen / food
Digestive – breaks down food
Nervous – electrical signals
Endocrine – hormones
Reproductive – sex
Integumentary – Skin
Skeletal – Bones - Structure
Respiratory – Lungs - Oxygen in, CO2 out
Muscular - Movement
Excretory – Eliminates wastes - Urine
Immune – Kills viruses
Viruses and Bacteria
• Viruses are not alive, Bacteria are alive
Viruses (not alive)
• Viruses – cause disease
– ANTIBIOTICS DO NOT CURE THEM
– ONLY IMMUNE SYSTEM
• AIDS, the common cold, small pox,
influenza, and warts
Bacteria (alive)
• Harmful - get antibiotics
– Strep Throat
– Staph Infections
• Helpful 
– decomposers – septic tanks, rotting
meat
– mutualism : intestines
– cheese, yogurt
Evolution
• Mutations
• Reproductions
Natural Selection- environment decides
who lives… only tall trees- giraffes
happy
Who would survive?
Symbiosis
• Symbiosis – relationship between two
organisms
• Mutualism – both species benefit
• Predation – one
species (predator)
benefits, other (prey)
is eaten
• Parasitism – one species benefits,
the other is harmed
• Competition – two species want same thing
• Commensalism –
one species benefits,
one is not affected
• Remora fish eat
shark’s scraps; shark
is not affected
Food chain & food web
– who eats what
Arrows show
flow of energy
Trophic levels
• Producer - green
plant - photosynthesis
• Consumer – Must
eat
• Decomposer
breaks down dead
and waste
Types of matter
Elements
Fe
H
O
Au
Compounds
FeCl3
H2O
CO2
Density D = M
V
More dense
liquids sink!
Water density
= 1g/ml
Viscosity
Resistance to flow
more viscous– the slower the flow
Buoyancy
Chemical Change
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Change of temperature
Production of light
Production of a gas
New thing formed
Physical change
• Change in size and shape
• Making a solution
• Change in state
Conservation of Mass
6CO2 + 6H20 --> C6H12O6 +6O2
Matter is never created or destroyed
Solutions
• Solute- salt
• Solvent – water
• Soluble- salt can be
dissolved
• Force - a push or a pull on an object
F = ma
Force is measured in NEWTONS (N)
• Work - force causes an object to move W=Fd
Work -JOULES (J)
• Power – How fast
you get work done
• P=W/t
• Power - WATTS (W)
Kinetic Energy - motion
Potential Energy - energy stored
Click on
the slide!
Energy
• Conduction - heat transfer from one object to
another by direct contact …solids
• Convection - heat carried from one place
to another in a liquid or gas as molecules
move in currents caused by density
differences…liquids & gases
• Radiation - the transfer of heat energy
through empty space
• (heat from sun)….infrared
Soooooo……..Heat moves by-
Waves
• Transverse wave moves up and down as
the energy travels right to
left. Perpendicular
• example: light, ocean
• Longitudinal wave –
moves back and forth as
the energy travels right to
left. Parallel
• Example: sound
REFLECTION
Refraction
Electricity- 10th
• Series Circuit - a
circuit in which the
current has only
one path
• Parallel Circuit - a
circuit in which the
current can take
more than one path
READ!!!
READ!!!
READ!!!
Remember
• Use your Equation Sheet
• Use your Calculator
• Use your Periodic Table
• YOU need at least 41 correct
to pass….. DO YOU HAVE
THAT?