Transcript prokaryotes, eukaryotes

Virus,
Bacteria
protista
fungi
(prokaryotes, eukaryotes)
Origin of Cells
No one knows for
sure, thought to be
____________
 Earth formed: 4.5
billion years
 life origin: 2.5 b.y.

Viruses
Are they living organisms????
 No ______________________________-
Viruses and Diseases
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Common cold – attack
respiratory tract
Measles – skin
Rabies – nerve cells
Herpes virus – mouth
and lips, sexual
transmission
AIDS – white blood cells
Ebola – a hemorrhagic
fever
Biological Weapons


These diseases are
difficult to fight!!!!
Antibiotics - No effect!
– Quick replication
– High mutation rate
Prokaryotes
most abundant, single
cells
 organized

 _________________
 plasma membrane
 cell wall

Types:
1. ______________
2. archaea
1. Bacteria

Additional features :
– Flagella, long strands
used in
____________
– Pili, short strands
used as docking
cables

Bacteria reproduce: ___________________

bacteria exchange genetic information:
conjugation

three shapes:
– Coccus: _______
– Bacillus: ______
– Spirillum: ____
Bacteria-Foodborne illness
1. E.

COLI 0157:H7
outbreaks in US, per year:
– 73,000 infections/61 deaths

infections from:
– uncooked ground beef (cattle carry the pathogen in
their intestines without getting sick)
– contaminated dairy products
– Vegetables, unpasteurized juice, petting zoos
Symptoms: bloody diarrhea, kidney failure
 Prevention: _________________________
2. Salmonella
 outbreaks:
– 40,000 cases/600 people die

infected by:
– contaminated ground beef, pork, eggs, poultry
products
– improperly pasteurized dairy products
Symptoms: bloody diarrhea
 Prevention: good higiene, not to eat raw eggs
(even cookie dough), meat well cooked

3. Campylobacter
causing diarrhea, cramping, abdominal pain,
fever, nausea, vomiting
 Outbreaks:

– 1 million/100 people die

infections from:
– raw poultry meat, 80% chickens in US carriers
2. Archaea
from prokaryotic ancestors to
eukaryotes
 live _____________________
 cell walls different from
bacteria with unique lipids and
rRNA sequences

Eukaryotes
Cells with ______________
 Types:

– Protista, diverse group
– multicellular kingdoms:
 Fungi
 Plants
 animals
Protista

Are _______________ fungi, plants, or animals

employ almost every form of __________________________

Reproduce:
– asexually most of the time: fission and budding
– sexually only in times of stress

Some survive harsh environmental conditions by forming cysts, a dormant
form of cell

movement accomplished by diverse mechanisms:




Cilia
Flagella
Pseudopods
gliding mechanisms

Types:
 single cell: paramecium, amoeba
 Aggregation, transient collection of
cells: slime molds
 Colonial multicellular: permanent
cells in contact: algae
Fungi

Similar to plants but _______chlorophyll:
heterotrophs

differ from plants in:
1. have filamentous bodies called ________
2. have cell walls made of chitin

Reproduce:
1. asexually
2. Sexually

reproductive structures:


gametangia produce ______________sporangia produce haploid spores that can
be dispersed
Heterotrophs:
_______________________________________
______________
 Fungi and bacteria: principal decomposers


mutualistic associations ecologically important:
– Mycorrhizae: fungi-plant
 expedite the plant’s absorption of essential nutrients in the
roots
– Lichens: fungi-algae (cyanobacteria)
 can grow in harsh habitats, such as bare rock
Practice questions
1. Bacteria
A) are prokaryotic
B) have been on the earth for at least
C) are the most abundant life form on
D) All answers are correct
2.5 billion years
earth
2. Viruses are:
A) protein coats that contain DNA or RNA
B) simple eukaryotic cells
C) simple prokaryotic cells
D) Alive
3. The main problem in classifying protists is that:
A) all have a common lifestyle
B) all are unicellular
C) all are photoautotrophic
D) any eukaryotic organism that is not plant,
animal, or fungi is a protist
4. The main body of a fungus is the ________
5. Fungi reproduce both _______
6. Lichens are mutualistic associations between
_______